Ethics ch. 10: Abortion

American Medical Association

All-male group that set regulations for women

1850s

When AMA got involved in birth rate

National organization for women

What does NOW stand for

NOW

Group including females that advocates for abortion reform

1960s

When NOW started advocating for abortion reform

1910

Year legislative reform said abortion was illegal

First

Emergency contraception trimester

First

RU-486 trimester

Second

Saline injection trimester

Second

Prostaglandin injection trimester

Second

Hysterectomy & hysterotomy trimester

Second

D&E trimester

Second or third

D&X trimester

Bodily integrity

Fetus as parasite; focus is on extraction of the fetus vs. extinction

Privacy

Focus is on extinction vs. extraction

Full human life

Focus is on mother’s potential; no one else has the right to interfere with mother’s decisions

1973

Roe v. Wade year

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court decision that affirmed women’s rights

Infertility

The inability to achieve pregnancy within a period of one year; or six months if the woman is older than 35 years

1/9

Fraction of couples in the US that are infertile

Artificial insemination by husband

AIH

Artificial insemination by donor

AID

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

ICSI

IVF

Assisted reproductive technique where egg is removed, examined in a dish, then reinserted into woman

Gamete intrafallopian transfer

GIFT

Zygote intrafallopian transfer

ZIFT

GIFT

Transfers just the egg into the woman’s body; is fertilized inside of the woman

ZIFT

Egg is fertilized outside of woman’s body; fertilized zygote is transferred into woman’s body

Liberty orientation

Any individual who wants or needs the technology should have access to it for whatever reason they choose

Welfare orientation

Candidates should be screened; proponents favor a voluntary non-profit system which protects privacy of donors and is covered by insurance

Traditional surrogacy

Surrogate is genetic and gestational mother

Gestational surrogacy

Embryo is implanted by IVF; no genetic link to surrogate

Commercial surrogacy

Surrogacy arrangement includes financial payment to mother

Altruistic surrogacy

No payment for surrogate

Human genome project

Effort to map the human genome and sequence genes

1990-2003

Years of human genome project

Genetic testing and screening

Test for high risk individuals to diagnose or rule out

Carrier testing and screening

Tests done on parents

Genomics

Elimination/treatment of disease

Eugenics

Elimination of the “unfit” members of society

Non directive

Genetic counseling is traditionally

Somatic cell

Therapy that treats differentiated defective cells

Germ line

Therapy that modifies DNA in reproductive cells; may be easier to control due to assisted reproduction technologies; highly experimental