Chapter 11 Chem

Solute

substance being dissolved

solvent

substance that is doing the dissolving

solid solution

metal alloys

liquid solution

ex) air

gas solution

where water is the solvent

nonpolar solvents

dissolve nonpolar solutes

polar solvents

dissolve polar solutes and many ionic solutes

electrolytes

substances that dissolve in water and undergo a physical or chemical change to produce ions

nonelectrolytes

substances that do not produce ions when dissolved in water

strong electrolytes

essentially 100% of the dissolved substance generates ions

weak electrolytes

only a relatively small amount of the dissolved substance generates ions

saturation

solutes concentrations = solubility

unsaturated

solutes concentration < solubility

supersaturated

solutes concentration > solubility

molarity

defined as moles of solute per liters of solution

a mole fraction is…

independent of temperature