UNIT TEST 5

The joining of hydrogen atoms to become helium atoms.

Nuclear Fusion

What we call all light.

Radiant Energy

What all light produces.

Incandescent Light

What LED stands for.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

What we call it when light can’t pass through an object.

Opaque

What we call it when light can pass through an object.

Transparent

More opaque than transparent but light can still pass through.

Translucent

Blocked light.

Shadow

Energy from the sun to the earth.

Electromagnetic Energy

What all the colours of the world make up.

Colour Spectrum

The colours in the colour spectrum that we can see.

Visible Spectrum

The colours in the colour spectrum we can’t see.

Invisible Spectrum

The frequency of it is too high for us to see.

Ultraviolet

Light on the warmer side of the spectrum that we can’t see.

Infrared

Angle of reflection.

Angle of Incidence

The bending of light.

Refraction

Colours of the rainbow / ROYGBIV.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Heat energy we receive from the sun.

Thermal Energy

The 4 special laws that deal with energy and all of matter.

Laws of Thermodynamics

The study of thermal energy.

Thermodynamics

There is no transfer of heat between 2 objects on thermal equilibrium.

Zeroth Law

Energy and matter can never be created or destroyed.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The universe is always becoming less and less disordered or organized.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A measure of disorder.

Entropy

The entropy of something approaches its minimum as it's cooled toward absolute zero.

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Atoms in motion.

Heat

The hotter item between heat source and heat sink.

Heat Source

The item receiving the heat.

Heat Sink

Energy that moves through space.

Radiation

Heat that moves through empty space.

Radiant Heat

Heat that transfers in liquids and gases.

Convection

When air that's heated over the land rises, the air over the ocean rushes to fill the space that the air left.

Sea Breeze

When air rises over the sea and air from land flows in to replace it.

Land Breeze

Occurs when the heat source and the heat sink are connected through matter.

Conduction

A chemical process in which some material reacts quickly with oxygen to give off heat.

Combustion

The things we need to have fire: heat, fuel, and oxygen.

Fire Triangle

A temperature at which something will light on fire.

Ignition Temperature

Measures how active the molecules are in a substance.

Temperature

What Americans and some other countries use to measure temperature (water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees).

Fahrenheit

What everyone else measures temperature in (water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees).

Celsius

Form of measuring temperature only used by scientists; scales using the coldest temperature and the hottest temperature of an object.

Kelvin

When things heat up and they expand.

Thermal Expansion

Is a vibration.

Sound

The moving vibration.

Sound Waves

Sound you hear a second time.

Echo

To lead something from one place to another.

Conduct

If something is going 760 mph.

Mach 1

Anything faster than 760 mph.

Supersonic Speed

The boom you hear when you go faster than supersonic speed.

Sonic Boom

Way to measure the frequency.

Hertz

Anything that is too low for our ears to hear.

Infrasound

Anything that is too high for our ears to hear.

Ultrasound

What we call the quality of the sound.

Timbre

A system that uses high frequency ultrasonic waves.

Sonar

Study of sound made by wildlife.

Bioacoustics