Articulations and Muscles of the Head and Neck

Quadriceps Tendon

connects the quadriceps femoris muscle group to the patella.

Patellar ligament

Connects patella to tuberosity of tibia

Anterior cruciate ligament

short, thick band inside the KNEE joint

crossing ligament

It runs from the front of the tibia, upward and backward to the inner part of the lateral femoral condyle.

Posterior cruciate ligament

inside the KNEE joint

crossing ligament

It runs from the posterior part of the tibia, upward and forward to attach to the medial side of the femur's medial condyle.

Medial collateral ligament

located on the inner (medial, Tibia) side of the knee joint

It connects the medial femoral condyle to the medial side of the tibia.

Lateral collateral ligament

located on the outside (lateral, Fibula) side of the knee joint

connects the lateral femoral condyle to the head of the fibula

Medial meniscus

C-shaped cartilage

inner side on top of the tibia

lateral meniscus

O-shaped cartilage

outer side on top of the tibia

Epicranius (occipitofrontalis)

Muscles of the scalp

Action: Elevation of eyebrows

Buccinator

muscle of facial expression

located deep in the cheek

runs horizontally between the maxilla and mandible

Action: Compression of cheek (e.g., inflating a balloon; playing a wind musical instrument)

levator labii superioris

Raises upper lip

snarling muscle

Orbicularis oculi

Circular muscle

Closes eye

winking muscle

Zygomaticus

raises corners of mouth

smiling 

Orbicularis oris

Circular muscle

Closes and puckers lips

Depressor labii inferioris

Pull the lower lip downward

expressions of sadness or doubt.

Depressor anguli oris

pulls the corners of the mouth downward and laterally.

sad face muscle :(

mentalis

protrudes the lower lip

pouting or doubtful expression 😗

Platysma 

O: Mandible and mastoid process

I: hyoid bone

A: depress mandible (open mouth)

Masseter

Muscles of mastication 

O: zygomatic arch 

I: angle and ramus of mandible

A:  Elevates mandible, closes mouth

Temporalis

Muscle of mastication

elevates and retracts mandible, closes mouth

digastric

Elevates hyoid and depress mandible (open mouth)

sternocleidomastoid

O: manubrium of sternum, clavicle

I: mastoid process 

A: Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head

splenius

O:Spinous processes of T1-T3

I:Occipital bone

A: extension of head and neck

Antagonists:

Sternocleidomastoid 

Scalenes

Scalene

found on each side of the neck

O: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

I: First rib

A: Flexes the neck

Antagonist: Splenius