APUSH Review Notes Flashcards

APUSH review flashcards covering 1607-1954, Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonial policies, early settlements, slavery, the Enlightenment, and the Great Awakening.

What were the primary goals of Spanish colonial policies?

Extract gold, convert natives to Christianity, and gain wealth.

What characterized French colonial policies?

Trading settlements, often involving mutual benefit and intermarriage with Native Americans, especially the Algonquian Indians, with the French introducing ironware.

What characterized Dutch colonial policies?

Focused on trade, establishing New Amsterdam in 1624 as a hub but not prioritizing the conversion of natives to Protestantism.

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange and early conditions in British settlements like Jamestown?

Led to disease, famine, and initially high mortality rates in Jamestown, but also the discovery of tobacco as a cash crop.

What is an indentured servant?

A labor contract system used in early British colonies.

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

An uprising of poor farmers led by Nathaniel Bacon against Native Americans and the colonial government.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An early form of self-governance in the colonies.

What was Triangular Trade?

Increased global trade involving the exchange of goods between New England, the West Indies, and Africa.

What is mercantilism and the Navigation Acts?

An economic policy requiring colonies to trade primarily with the mother country (England), generating wealth and jobs for England.

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A slave rebellion in South Carolina in 1739, where slaves stole weapons and killed their owners.

What ideas did the Enlightenment introduce?

The concept of natural rights and the social contract.

What was the Great Awakening?

A large-scale religious revival that united the colonies.

Who were the Pueblo people?

Farmers who built small urban centers.

Who were the Cumcen people?

They built places to house 1,000 people.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A massive exchange of people, food, and diseases between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Americas).

What is capitalism?

An economic system based on private ownership and free exchange.

What is a Joint Stock Company?

A limited liability organization where multiple people pool their money.

What was the Encomienda System?

A colonial labor system in which the Spanish used native people for labor.

What was the Casta system?

A social hierarchy based on race and origin during the Spanish colonial era.