World History Finals

A person who organized, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Entrepreneur

Th economic policy that favored a free market and letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without government interference

Laissez faire

Before this historic event, most people lived in the country side on farms and got the things they needed by making themselves. And, after this historic event, most people started to move too cities and most things were made by machines in factories.

Industrial Revolution

This was a complete form of socialism in which means of production would be owned by the people and private property would cease to exist

Communism

These socialists dream of a perfect society, perfect government, law and economy, with no extreme wealth or poverty, and everybody is happy; they try to achieve goals by creating model communities, where members share in the labor and the rewards.

Utopian Socialists

This theory argues that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people.

Utilitarianism

Karl Marx co-authored The Communist Manifesto with his friend:

Frederich Engels

This person wrote the book, The Wealth of Nations, and defended free markets

Adam Smith

These are voluntary associations of workers who pressed for reforms were called

Unions

This is an economic system in which individuals and businesses own property and means of production

Capitalism

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Corporations

What were the three factors of productions required for industrialization

Land, labor, capital

The process of negotiation between workers and employers

Collective bargaining

Nineteenth-century socialists argued the government should…

Actively plan the economy

Employees refusing to work

Strike

Which of the following statements about the book The Wealth of Nations is INCORRECT

It was written by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels

Which of the following statements about the book The Communist Manifesto is INCORRECT

Promoted the idea that the Industrial Revolution benefited the worker and made them the ruling class

Which of the following statements about the basic premises of Socialism is INCORRECT

In place of collective ownership, there should be private ownership

The country where Karl Marx and his partner lived while they conducted their most famous writings

Great Britain

Influenced by Adam Smith, he introduced the idea of Utilitarianism in the late 1700s

Jeremy Bentham

Established a settlement house in Chicago for the aid of women and children

Jane Addams

Led the fight for abolition of slavery in the British Parliament

William Wilberforce

Leader of the Utilitarianism movement in the 1800s

John Stuart Mill

Karl Marx’s native country (Got exiled from it twice)

Germany

Wrote Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and argued that the working class would always be poor with low wages

David Ricardo

Utopian Socialist who set up model/cooperative working communities in Scotland and Indiana

Robert Owen

This was the first country to successfully undergo a Communist Revolution

Russia

In An Essay on the Principle of Population, he argued that because population growth outpaces food supplies, that with outward or epidemics, most people were destined to be poor

Thomas Malthus

According the Marx, the Industrial Revolution had made this class of people, the owners of capital, the ruling class

The Bourgeoisie

One of the most famous American reformers of the 19th century, this Massachusetts native advocated for the free public education for all children

Horace Mann

Workers who protested working conditions by destroying machines

Luddites

One of the 1st Utopian Socialists; proposed equality of economic opportunity based on ability, ideas went hand in hand with Christianity

Saint-Simon

According to Marx, this class was made up of the members of the working classes who were being exploited by the factory owners

Proletariat

Steps to Communism

1. Establish proletariats as a unified class

2. Overthrow the bourgeoisie

3. Establish the “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”

4. Eliminate elements of capitalism + bourgeoisie

5. Centralize means of production

6. New classless utopian society has emerged

Canal that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea

Suez Canal

Battle that marked first time than an African stated defeated a Western power

Adowa

Afrikaans-speaking farmers who were descended from Dutch settlers

Boer

American journalist turned explorer; he was commissioned by the King of Belgium to make land claims for him in Africa

Stanley

Talented Zulu ruler, fought with Europeans in Southern Africa

Shaka

Famous 19th century missionary and explorer of Africa

Livingston

African nation that was able to maintain its independence from 19th century European imperialism

Ethiopia

King of Belgium; he had land claims in Africa and ran a colony in the Congo River Basin

Leopold II

African King who embraced Western ideas and succeeded in fighting off European imperialists

Menelik II

Father of modern Egypt, after he seized control of the country, he modernized Egypt and its army

Muhammad Ali

The “Great Game” refers to

The contest between Britian and Russian

A policy of treating colonial subjects as if they were children, providing their needs but not giving them rights

Paternalism

As interest in, or taking of land, for its strategic location of products is called

Geopolitics

Which North African region came under the French control between 1879 and 1912

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

Which of the following pairs, naming the European power and its African holding, is INCORRECT

Germany - Congo

The belief that one racism is superior to others

Racism

A country or territory with its own internal government, but under the control of an outside power

Protectorate

The Crimean War was lost by

Russia

A country of territory that is governed internally by an outside power

Colony

In 1907, Russia and Britain agreed to spheres of influence in

Persia

By combining the old Cape Colony & Natal with the Boer Republics in 1910 the British created the

Union of South Africa

Policy in which strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

Imperialism

By 1914, the Ottoman Empire had

declined to about a third of its greatest size

What aspect of the Ottoman Empire appealed most to world powers

Its access to the Atlantic sea trades

Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from

Malaria

All of these factors contributed to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT

Waves of disease

Persia’s concessions to Western businesses there led to

The development of oil fields

To curb dissent the British passed this law in 1919 which allowed the British to jail Indian protestors without trial for as long as two years

Rowlatt Act

Native Indians who were hired by the British to serve in their army

Sepoy

Why was the India called the “jewel in the crown”

It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies

Military general who was responsible for establishing British supremacy on the during thee Seven Years’ War

Clive

Which of the following statements about the Partition of India is CORRECT

Almost immediately after the partition, India and Pakistan started fighting over Kashmir

The Empire that ruled India before the arrival of the British

Mughal

Tradition of Indian widows throwing themselves on their husband’s funeral pyre

Sati

Created by the British to appease Indian nationalists, however, it had no real political power

Indian National Congress

Initial British domination of India began in 1600 when this company was granted a charter that created a trade monopoly on the subcontinent

East India Company

Which of the following statements about World War I and Indian nationalist activity is INCORRECT

After the war, the British government kept their promises of reforms that included self-rule for India

Translated it means “truth-force”, in practice it was Gandhi’s principle of civil disobedience

Satyagraha

This mostly Hindu country is the world’s largest democracy

India

Hindi word meaning rule or sovereignty, it refers to British rule over India from 1757-1947

Raj

Gandhi’s followers soon began calling him this, translated it means “Great Soul”

Mahatma

Which of the following statements about the Partition of India is INCORRECT

Jinnah was a leader in the Indian National Congress who argued against partitioning India

This prime minister of India was assassinated by Sikh extremists in retaliation for ordering the attack on the Sikh’s Golden Temple

Indira Gandhi

This Congress Party leader was independent India’s first prime minister

Jawaharlal Nehru

Key waterway connected the Mediterranean to Red Sea, thus shortening voyage to India

Suez Canal

A cease-fire line established by the UN 1949 left a third of this territory under Pakistani control and the rest under Indian control

Kashmir

This Muslim league leader died shortly after becoming the 1st governor-general of independent Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

The term Raj is used to refer to the period of Indian history during which India was

Dominated by Britain

Which of the following statements about Mohandas Gandhi is INCORRECT

Immediately after the Sepoy Mutiny, he emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement

Which of the following statements about Battle of Plassey is CORRECT

1. It was the decisive battle for the control of India during the Seven Years’ War

2. Robert Clive led the British/EIC forces to victory over the French

3. The victory established Britain and the EIC as the dominant power in India

4. (ALL OF THE ABOVEEE)

The civil war between Tamils and other in this Buddhist-dominated country began in the early 1980s

Sri Lanka

Which of the following statements about British imperialism in India is INCORRECT

Britain lost control of India at the end of the 19th century

Which of the following statements about Gandhi’s campaign of civil disobedience is INCORRECT

It failed to have an economic impact on the British

All of the following places were located on the Pacific Rim EXCEPT

China

Malaysia became the world’s leading exporter of

Rubber

The main reason for British colonization of Singapore was to obtain use of its

Harbor

Queen Liliuokalani was the last monarch of

Hawaii

King Mongkut modernized

Siam

As a direct result of the Spanish American war, the United States acquired all of the following EXCEPT

Hawaii

Emilio Aguinaldo fought for the independence of

The Philippines

Early in the 19th century, the Dutch gained control of these islands

Indonesia

Why did Western nations desire lands in Pacific RIm

Because of their natural resources and strategic location

What set the stage of Vietnamese resistance against the French?

Peasants had less rice to eat because the French exported most of it

Why did American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani

She wanted to restore the political power to the native Hawaiians

Which of the following was NOT an important product from Southeast Asia not he world market?

Wheat

In the 19th century,, Germany gained control of all the following islands EXCEPT

Indonesia