Chapter 43: Animal Nervous System

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sodium channels

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23 Terms

1

sodium channels

The ________ that trigger action potentials in a neuron are typically located near the place where the axon emerges from the cell body, a site called the axon hillock.

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2

central nervous system

A(n) ________ (CNS) includes large numbers of neurons aggregated into clusters called ganglia.

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3

Neurotoxins

________ are poisons that affect neuron function often resulting in convulsions, paralysis, or unconsciousness.

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4

autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis

The ________ (MS) develops when the immune system targets oligodendrocytes, destroying myelin in the CNS.

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5

brainstem

The ________ connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains the midbrain and parts of the hindbrain.

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6

CNS

All neurons and other components of the nervous system that are outside the ________ are considered part of the peripheral nervous system, or PNS.

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7

Oligodendrocytes

________ and Schwann cells are two examples of glia, which are nervous system cells that support neurons.

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8

Memory

________ is the retention of learned information.

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9

cell body

A(n) ________, or soma, contains the nucleus.

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10

cerebellum

The ________ is a structure in the hindbrain that coordinates complex motor patterns.

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11

sensory information

It relays ________ to the cerebrum and functions in maintaining homeostasis.

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12

synaptic plasticity

A change in the responsiveness or structure of a synapse is termed ________.

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13

volt

The ________ (V) is the standard unit of electrical potential, and a millivolt (mV) is 1 /1000 of a(n) ________.

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14

diencephalon

The ________ is also part of the forebrain.

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15

autonomic center

It is the ________ for regulating cardiovascular, digestive, and other involuntary functions.

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16

efferent division carries

The ________ commands from the CNS to the rest of the body.

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17

diffuse arrangement of cells

The ________ is called a nerve net, is found in cnidarians (jellyfish, hydra, anemones) and ctenophores (comb jellies)

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18

long projections

One or more relatively ________ are called axons.

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19

electrical potential

A difference in charge between any two points creates a(n) ________ or voltage.

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20

Positive feedback

________ is rare in organisms: It can not be employed as a regulatory mechanism under many circumstances, because often leads to uncon oiled events.

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21

Motor neurons

________ and sensory neurons are bundled together into long strands of nervous tissue called nerves.

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22

oligodendrocytes

When ________ or Schwann cells wrap around the axon,they form a myelin sheath, which acts as a type of electrical insulation.

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23

Positive feedback is rare in organisms

It cannot be employed as a regulatory mechanism under many circumstances, because often leads to uncon oiled events

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