Energy/Enzymes

Kinetic Energy

Energy at work or in motion

Potential Energy

Stored energy

Thermal Energy

Heat energy. Energy lost in the form of heat is not recoverable.

Chemical Energy

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.

Autotrophs

Producers that make their own food, typically from photosynthesis. Can also do cellular respiration.

Heterotrophs

Consumers that eat other food, and can do cellular respiration.

Anabolic

Creating chemical bonds and storing energy.

Catabolic

Breaking chemical bonds and releasing energy.

Reactants

Chemicals at the start of a chemical reaction.

Products

Results produced by a chemical reaction.

Activation Energy

Energy input required for a reaction to progress to products.

Exothermic/Exergonic

Energy is released. Reactants are at a higher energy level, products are at a lower energy level.

Endothermic/Endergonic

Energy is absorbed. Reactants are at a lower energy level, products are at a higher energy level.

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (ex. Enzymes).

ATP

Energy currency of the cell. Adenosine Triphosphate. Consists of a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

Hydrolysis

Addition of water to break bonds.

Phosphorylation

Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule to store energy.

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Substrate

The reactant that attaches to the enzyme and gets grabbed/moved/changed by the enzyme.

Active site

The place where the substrate attaches to the enzyme.

Lock and key model

Only one enzyme is used for one particular type of substrate.

Inhibitor

Something that slows down a reaction by blocking off the substrate from the reaction.