Kinetic Energy: energy at work or in motion

Potential energy: stored energy

Thermal Energy: Heat energy. Energy lost in the form of heat is not recoverable.

Chemical Energy: Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.

Autotrophs: producers that make their own food, typically from photosynthesis. Can also do cellular respiration.

Heterotrophs: Consumers that eat other food, and can do cellular respiration

Anabolic: Creating chemical bonds and storing energy

Catabolic: Breaking chemical bonds and releasing energy

Reactants: Chemicals at the start of a chemical reaction

Products: Results produced by a chemical reaction

Activation Energy: Energy input required for a reaction to progress to products

Exothermic/Exergonic: Energy is released. Reactants are at a higher energy level, products are at a lower energy level.

Endothermic/Endergonic: Energy is absorbed. Reactants are at a lower energy level, products are at a higher energy level.

Catalyst: a substance that speeds up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (ex. Enzymes)

ATP: Energy currency of the cell. Adenosine Triphosphate. Consists of a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Hydrolysis: addition of water to break bonds

Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group to a molecule to store energy.

Enzymes: Proteins that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Substrate: The reactant that attaches to the enzyme and gets grabbed/moved/changed by the enzyme.

Active site: The place where the substrate attaches to the enzyme.

Lock and key model: only one enzyme is used for one particular type of substrate.

Inhibitor: something that slows down a reaction by blocking off the substrate from the reaction.