Computer Science Key Terms: Components, Data, and Programming Concepts

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20 Terms

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Component Object Model

Provides an architecture for components to interact on a local system

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Bandwidth

Transmission capacity measure by bit rate

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Bit

A contraction of 'Binary Digit'; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

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Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

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Prototype

A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It's the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.

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Internet

A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

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Net Neutrality

The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

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IP Address

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

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Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network.

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URL

An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).

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Pixel

Short for 'picture element', the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot that contains a single point of color of a larger image.

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Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15.

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Lossless Compression

A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

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Lossy Compression

(or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg.

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Decimal to Binary Conversion

Binary's places are powers of 2.

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Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion

Hex-binary conversion table will be available.

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Sprite

An object in Scratch programming that can be programmed to perform actions.

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Pencil Program Speed

The program speed can be changed.

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Move Commands in Pencil

Commands like fd, bk, rt, lt, speed are found under move.

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Art Commands in Pencil

Commands like pen, dot, box, hide are found under art.