AI in Bioinformatics

What are mechanistic models known for?

Predictive power, elegance, and consistency.

What characterizes stochastic models?

Predictive power with black-box mechanisms.

What are neural networks (NNs) used for in bioinformatics?

Pattern recognition and classification.

What are genetic algorithms (GAs) based on?

Natural selection, crossover, and mutation.

What are formal grammars (FGs) used for?

Analyzing biological sequences and structures.

What is the Perceptron model?

A basic neural network with input, output, and weighted connections.

What do hierarchical neural networks include?

Hidden layers for complex pattern recognition.

Name some applications of neural networks.

Protein structure prediction, sequence classification, gene expression analysis.

What is the main approach used in genetic algorithms?

Simulated evolution: selection, crossover, mutation.

What are some bioinformatics applications of GAs?

Sequence optimization, structure prediction, RNA folding, evolutionary simulations.

How are formal grammars applied in bioinformatics?

Through syntax and semantics to analyze biological sequences.

What do Markov Models predict?

Probabilities of sequences based on previous characters.

What are HMMs used for?

Sequence alignment, exon detection, structural analysis.

What are Support Vector Machines (SVMs) used for?

Classification by defining optimal decision boundaries (hyperplanes).

How do SVMs handle non-linearly separable data?

By introducing penalty terms and mapping to high-dimensional space.

What are Decision Trees and Random Forests used for?

Feature selection and classification.

Give some ML applications in bioinformatics.

Regulatory element detection, sequence annotation, protein structure prediction.

Why is AI important in bioinformatics?

Due to the complexity and size of datasets; AI provides approximate but useful solutions.

What are Nearest Neighbor and Decision Trees used for?

Classification tasks like secondary structure and cleavage site prediction.

What are clustering methods used for?

Grouping similar gene sequences.

List common AI applications in bioinformatics.

Protein folding & structure prediction; Viral protease cleavage prediction; Gene expression analysis & classification.