Studied by 3 people
sensation
Stimulus in the environment activates sensory receptors and passes on the information to the brain
perception
How our brain organizes and interprets the sensory input
bottom-up processing
Processing the sensory stimulation at the most basic level as it hits your brain
top-down processing
Your brain takes your previous experiences, schemas, etc., and makes the stimulus into what it wants
absolute threshold
the minimum energy needed to produce a sensation
difference threshold
Is the point at which you can discriminate between two stimulus
webers law
quantifying the perception of change in a given stimulus
selective attention
that we can focus on one sensation at a time
cocktail part effect
the ability to focus one's attention a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli
stroop effect
Trying to read “color” words when they are actually colored in a different color
signal detection theory
that we will pick up on “weak” stimulus earlier if you are alert and are expecting it, or if it’s important to you
in-attentional blindness
we only take in a small amount of what we see
change blindness
where people don’t notice major changes in the environment occur
perceptual adaptation
our brain adapts to the way it perceives stimuli
perceptual set
that our assumptions and influences often change our perception
figure/ground
We organize stimuli into figures seen against the background
proximity
Grouping nearby figures together
similarity
Grouping similar items together
continuity
We view smooth patterns
connectedness
Connected stimuli are seen as one unit
closure
We fill in the gaps, close items
depth perception
the ability to perceive the relative distance of objects in one's visual field
Gibson and Walk visual cliff
Mothers tried to coax 6-14-month-olds to cross a Plexiglas plane that appeared to be a drop-off
transduction
the action or process of converting something and especially energy or a message into another form
rods
Black and White
cones
Color
blind spot
the part of the optic nerve leaves the eye
opponent process theory
some receptors are turned on to certain colors and turned off by others
color blindness
we have 3 types of color receptors (red, green, and blue)
cochlea
the spiral cavity of the inner ear, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations
basilar membrane
separates incoming sound into its component frequencies
types of taste buds
salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami
gate-control theory
in which pain signals can be sent up to the brain to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself
binocular cues
Cues that need both eyes to work in concert (together)
retinal disparity
that our eyes receive slightly different images
convergence of the eyes
the concept that explains that our eyes work at a more inward angle as an object gets closer
monocular cues
many other cues that our brain uses that only rely on one eye
interposition
When an object is placed in front of another, we see the object in front as closer
relative size
If we think we are seeing two similar-sized stimuli, we perceive the smaller image as farther away
texture gradient
The finer texture appears to be farther away
relative height
The higher item in our visual field appears farther away
linear perspective
Parallel lines appear to converge; therefore the closer they are the farther away (and bigger) you perceive an object between them
ponzo illusion
a visual illusion in which the upper of two parallel horizontal lines of equal length appears to be longer than the bottom
muller-lyer illusion
When a line is connected to inward arrows, we perceive it as smaller, yet the same-sized line with a connected outward arrow will appear bigger
Olfactory Bulb
receives information from the olfactory membrane and sends it to the brain
Note
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