week 4

precordium

precordium

part of the chest where you perform cardiac assessment

Point of Maximum Impulse

adults: located 5th ICS left midclavicular line

infants: 4th ICS left midclavicular line

Erbs point

3rd ICS left sternal border

angle of louis land mark

articulation of the manubrium and body of sternum

arterial insufficiency

lower extremity are cold with no hair growth

venou insufficiency

lower extremety is warm with pain

ECG/EKG

electric representation of cardiac cycle that is document on recording paper

Depolarization

contraction

• occurs after stimulation by the electrical current where the cardiac cells are positively charged

repolarization

relaxation

• occurs after contraction where cardiac cells are negatively charged

QRS

ventricular depolarization/ contraction

p wave

atrial depolarization/ contraction

T wave

ventricular repolarization/relaxation

hidden behind QRS

atrial repolarization

Allens test

performed to determine patency of radial and ulnar arteries

raynaud’s disease

Spasms and tingling sensations of the hand and fingers with intermitted pallor and rubor

• common in young health females secondary to connective tissue diseases, drug intoxication, or pulmonary hypertension or trauma

DVT

occlusion of deep veins such as femoral or pelvic circulation by blood clot

• objective findings

  • unilateral edema, low grade fever, and tachycardia

• subjective findings

  • intense sharp pain along the iliac, popliteal, or calf muscles

infective endocarditis

thin red lines or splinter hemorrhages in the nail bed of cardiac patients

pathologic cardiac murmur are associated with

structural abnormalities of the heart

ex. Mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, aortic regurgitation

aortic landmark

2nd ICS right sternal border

S2 heart sound

Dub

• Second heart sound

  • closure of the semilunar valve heard loudest at the base of the heart (top)

S1 heart sound

lub

• 1st heart sound

  • closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve heard loudest at the apex of the heart (bottom)

SA node

pacemaker of the heart

• initial electrical impulse

  • 60-100 joules/min

AV node

60 joules/min

Bundle branches

40-60 joules/min

S4

Atrial gallop

• heard before S1

S3

ventricular gallop

• heard after S2

major risk factors for heart disease

• smoking

• HTN

• obesity

• diabetes

• High cholesterol

foramen ovale

passageway for blood between the right and left atrium

• should close shortly after birth

ductus arteriosus

opening between the pulmonary arteries and descending aorta

• should close 24-48 hrs after birth

tetralogy of fallot

4 cardiac defects in the babies heart that is life threatening

• dextroposition of aorta

• pulmonary stenosis

• Right ventricular hypertrophy

• ventricular septal defect

Surgery must be done asap

Sympathetic cardiac nerves

Stimulates the heart

• increase HR

• Increases dilation of the coronary arteries

Parasympathetic cardiac nerves

decreases stimulation of the heart

• decreases HR

• decreases contraction of the coronary artery

manifestations of heart failure

• fatigue

• tachycardia

• SOB

• dyspnea

• weak peripheral pulses

• S3

• ankle edema

arteriovenous (AV) graft

perform palpation on the side for thrill to determine patency of the graft