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Geography
The study of the reasons why things are located where they are on the earth's surface.
Maps
Tools used to represent and identify spatial patterns and processes at different scales.
Large scale
A map that covers a smaller area with more detail.
Small scale
A map that covers a larger area with less detail.
Map Projection
The method of transferring a 3D object, like a globe, onto a 2D flat plane, such as a paper map.
Distortion
Changes in size, shape, direction, or distance when representing a 3D object on a 2D map.
Spatial Pattern
The distribution of a phenomenon over an area, characterized by density, concentration, cluster, and dispersal.
Density
The frequency of an object in a given area.
Concentration
The extent to which objects are close together in an area.
Cluster
A pattern where objects are located close together.
Dispersal
A pattern where objects are spread apart in an area.
Elevation
The height of a location above sea level.
US Census
A constitutionally mandated count of the population for representation and resource distribution.
Absolute Location
The precise location of a place defined by coordinates like latitude and longitude.
Relative Location
The position of a place in relation to another location.
Absolute Distance
The exact measurement of distance in units like miles or kilometers.
Relative Distance
Distance expressed in terms of time, effort, or cost.
Absolute Direction
The exact cardinal directions (North, East, South, West).
Relative Direction
Directions based on relationships, such as "turn left at Target."
Geospatial Technology
Tools like GPS and GIS that analyze spatial data.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
A system for storing and analyzing spatial data in multiple layers.
Landscape Analysis
The process of defining and describing land through observation and interpretation.
Space
The extent of an area.
Place
The attributes and values associated with a specific location.
Sense of Place
The unique factors that characterize a location.
Cultural Landscape
The human modification of the natural environment.
Placelessness
A location lacking unique features or a sense of place.
Toponym
The name of a place.
Site
The physical and human characteristics of a location.
Spatial Interaction
The connections and movements between different places.
Globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of the world and its people.
Distance Decay
The diminishing interaction between two places as the distance increases.
Time-Space Compression
The phenomenon that makes distant places feel closer due to technology and communication.
Distribution
The way a phenomenon is spread across an area.
Concentration
The clustering of objects in a specific area.
Dispersal
The scattering of objects across an area.
Human Environmental Interaction (HEI)
The relationship and exchanges between humans and their environment.
Cultural Ecology
The study of how humans adapt to their environment.
Environmental Determinism
The belief that the environment shapes human behavior and culture.
Possibilism
The idea that while the environment imposes limitations, human culture can adapt and modify it.
Map Scale Distance
The relationship between distance on a map and actual distance in the real world.
Scale of Analysis
The level at which data is aggregated (global, national, regional, local).
Scale of Inquiry
The specific area or topic being studied.
Regions
Areas defined by one or more unifying characteristics or patterns of activity.
Formal Region
An area with a unifying characteristic, often with defined borders.
Functional Region
An area organized around a central node or focal point.
Perceptual Region
A region defined by personal beliefs or perceptions.
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