Geography

- The why of where

- The reason as to why things are where they are

Definition I looked up: the physical features of the earth's surface

Maps - used to represent & identify spatial patterns and processes at different scales

Large scale - smaller area + more detail

Small scale - larger area + less detail

Map Projection - taking a 3D object and transferring it to a 2D flat plane (ex. globe map to paper map)

*4 types of distortion ( IDK if vocabulary )

size, shape, direction & distance

Spatial Pattern - distributes the way a phenomenon is spread over an area and has 3 properties:

Density:

- Concentration

- Cluster - when an object is in an area close together

- Dispersal - objects in an area are relatively apart

Pattern:

Elevation - height above, typically above sea lvl

US Census

- mandated by the Constitution

- for the number representatives

-distributing for public funding and schools, highways & infrastructure, law enforcement and fire department, personal, government, & business decision making

Absolute location

- exact, precise

-address

-latitude & longitude

Relative Location

- relationship to another place

ex. next to my house

Absolute distance

- exact, precise

- miles, kilometers, feet

- map scale

ex. Oak Hills is 21. 3 miles from my house

Relative Distance

- expressed in terms of time, effort or cost

Absolute Distance

- exact, precise

ex. Cardinal Directions are NESW

Relative Direction

- relationships

EX. turn left at target then right at the 2nd stop sign

Geospatial tech

Satellite navigation systems ( SNS/ GPS)

- stores/ retrieves absolute location using data transmitted by satellite

- Uses remote sensing

Geographic info system ( GIS )

Storage of special data (physical & thematic ) in multiple layers

- can include GPS data

- uses remote sensing

Landscape Analysis - task of defining & describing the land through observation interpret & conceive

Space: extent of area 

Place: attributes & values we associate with a location

Ex. school’s sport team

Sense of place: factors that make a place unique

Cultural landism: Human modification to a natural environment

Placelessness - place without a sense of place or unique  site features 

Typonym: name of place 

Site: human and natural features of a place

Spatial Interaction: Connections, contacts, movement and flow of things between places 

Globalization- interconnectedness of the world

• Increases interactions between people

Distance Decay - the interact between two places as the distance between the places increase 

Time-Space Compression 

• Increasing sense of accomplishment & connectivity which seems to bring humans in distant

•  places closer together 

Globalization: technology  and transport 

Distribution - The way a phenomenon is spread over an area

Concentration - when object in a an area are close together

Dispersal - when objects in an area are relatively close together

Elevation - height above, typical

Human  Environmental Interaction  ( HEI ) - Connection & exchange between humans and the environment 

• sustainability / resources 

Cultural Ecology - The study of how human interact/ adapt to the environment

Environmental Determinism: Belief from the 18th century that climate & landform shaped human behavior & social/cultural development

Possibilism: Acknowledges the limitations imposed by natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs

Map Scale Distance - Distance on a map vs distance in the real world.

Scale of analysis - The aggregation of the data - Global, National, Regional, local

Scale of Inquiry - The area of study

Regions - One or more unifying characteristic (human or physical) or patterns of activity (Formal, Functional)

Cultural Determinism: The only thing that will restrain people is people themselves; there is no environmental ons restriction

Regionalization - Process geographers use to divide & categorize space into small units of analysis.

Functional region - an area that has a node that extends to a certain area.

Formal - Has a unifying characteristic. Many times can have borders

Perceptual - A region a person believes is true. 

Here are the definitions matched with the corresponding terms:

1. Absolute location: The exact position of a place on the earth's surface (a.k.a. mathematical location).

4. Biome: A major regional or global biotic community, such as a grassland or desert, characterized chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate.

5. Cartogram map: A map where the size and shape of the landmass is determined by specific data.

6. Cartography: The science of mapmaking; the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction.

8. Choropleth map: A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent data as average values per unit area.

9. Climate: The usual weather conditions in a particular place or region.

10. Concentration: The spread of something over a given area.

12. Cultural landscape: A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation; fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

13. Culture: The attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization.

15. Density: The frequency of which something exists in a given unit of area.

19. Distortion: A change in the shape, size, or position of a place when it is shown on a map.

20. Distribution: The arrangement of something across the earth's surface.

21. Equator: 0 degrees latitude; a great circle of the earth that is everywhere equally distant from the two poles and divides the surface into the northern and southern hemispheres.

23. Formal/uniform region: An area in which everyone in that area shares one or more distinctive characteristics.

24. Functional/nodal region: An area organized around a node or focal point.

25. Geospatial technologies: Geographic information systems (GIS), satellite navigation systems, remote sensing, and online mapping and visualization.

26. GIS: Collection of computer hardware and software permitting spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, used, and displayed.

27. Global scale: Describes something that happens in all parts of the world or affects all parts of the world.

28. Globalization: The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets.

29. GPS: Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places.