NATIVE AMERICANS

What was the focus of Lesson 04?

Native Americans 1865-1896, specifically how Native Americans were treated after Reconstruction.

How did the horse fundamentally change Native American culture?

It turned them into nomadic people who roamed thousands of miles chasing big game

Regarding the Louisiana Purchase, what was the situation with Native American tribes?

While the territory of the Midwest was bought, those tribes would control most of it and did not recognize the treaty.

What drew a large number of people westward after the Civil War?

The discovery of minerals, precious metals, and other valuable metal deposits in the western half of the United States.

What major infrastructure project was in development at this time, connecting the country?

A Trans-continental railroad (a railway stretching from the Pacific to the Atlantic).

What policy led to the forced relocation of Native Americans starting in the 1850s?

The creation of the Reservation System, where Native Americans were forcibly relocated to reservations.

Describe the nature of these Reservations.

• They were areas designated for natives to settle, much smaller than their traditionally controlled territory.
  

They often lacked good hunting land or access to sacred ancestral grounds used for ceremonies and burials.

How did settlers and railroad companies impact bison?

-Settlers killed bison by the thousands, often only taking their tongues and hides, wasting the rest.

-This practice was encouraged by railroad companies because bison held up production.

What happened to the promises Washington made about Native American land?

Washington promised not to take more land, but in the end, continued to shrink the size of the reservations.

What was the Sand Creek Massacre (1864)?

Colorado militia killed over 200 Cheyenne, including women and children.

What was the Fetterman Ambush (1866)?

The Lakota, led by Red Cloud, ambushed and killed 80 men, women, and children who were blocking railroad building.

What happened at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)?

George Custer and his 250 men were massacred by 2500 armed Sioux

-a battle that showed the arrogance of US soldiers and could have been avoided.

Who were the "Buffalo Soldiers"?

African Americans who joined the cavalry, identified by their unique caps.

Who was Geronimo (1865-1886)?

An Apache warrior who repeatedly broke off the reservation, raiding the lower southwest and escaping the US cavalry for years, before eventually giving up and ending up on a reservation.

What occurred at Wounded Knee Creek (1890)?

A battle between US cavalry and the Sioux that ended with the death of women and children natives.

What was President Grant's Peace Policy?

He sent religious agents to replace the corrupt Indian agents who ran the reservations

What was the concept of Assimilation regarding Native Americans?

• The belief that conflicts would end if natives accepted white culture.

• Natives on reservations were taught to farm and build homesteads, and missionaries spread Christianity, often using brutal tactics.

What were "Reeducation schools"?

• Institutions where young natives were forced to adopt Christian names and a formal white education.

  These schools were often brutal, involving hitting children and demeaning their culture and heroes.

What was the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

• An act where the United States no longer recognized tribes.

It divided reservations into 160-acre parcels, with each family allotted one partial.

What happened to the "leftover"

It was sold to white settlers and the railroad.

How was the money from these land sales used?

It was used to help "reeducate" and bring white culture to natives.

What were the tragic consequences of the Dawes Act for Native Americans?

Many natives were cheated out of their lands and money. Diseases ran rampant on the reservations, killing millions