13.1 to 13.4 Water

how is ZnCO3 formed?

________ is formed when zinc reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and protects the iron by the barrier method.

Adverse effects

________: poisonous, combining with haemoglobin in blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen.

Poor sanitation

________ leads to the spread of bacteria and disease as drinking water becomes infected.

Helium

________ is used to fill balloons, argon is used in tungsten light bulbs, krypton is used in lasers for eye surgery.

Pollutes crops

________ and water supplies, irritates lungs, throats and eyes and causes respiratory problems.

calcium chloride

The ________ in the 3rd tube is used to remove any moisture in the air.

Oxygen

________ is used in steel making, welding and in breathingapparatus.

Nitrogen

________ is used in food packaging, the production of ammonia and in the production of silicon chips.

reservoirs

Water is taken from rivers, ________ or underground water sources (groundwater)

noble gases

The ________ are still in the gaseous state at- 200 ºC, leaving a mixture of liquid nitrogen and oxygen.

Clean

________ and safe water supply is very important to mankind.

Iron

________ can be prevented from rusting using the reactivityseries.

Filtration

________ is the process used to remove large insoluble particles by passing the water through layers of sand and gravel filters that trap larger particles.

Anhydrous copper

________ (II) sulfate turns white to blue on the addition of water.

Rust

________ is a chemical reaction between iron, water and oxygen to form the compound hydrated iron (III) oxide (________)

Power stations

________ are a major source of sulfur dioxide.

Cholera

________ and typhoid are examples of bacterial diseases which can arise by the consumption of untreated water.

Food shortages

________ and famine due to a lack of crops which can not grow without a clean water supply.

catalytic converters

Cars are fitted with ________ which form a part of their exhaust systems.

Cobalt

________ (II) chloride turns blue to pink on the addition of water.

Carbon monoxide

________ is oxidised to carbon dioxide:

metal

The oxygen in the air will react with the ________, forming a(n) ________ oxide.

metal catalysts

The ________ are in a honeycomb within the converter to increase the surface area available for reaction.

series of redox reactions

A(n) ________ occurs which neutralises the pollutant gases.

reactive metal

A more ________ can be attached to less ________.

Sources

________: combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds.

Exhaust gases

________ also contain unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

Nitrogen

________ has a lower boiling point than oxygen so it vaporises first and is collected as it rises in the gaseous state to the top of the column.

Adverse effects

________: causes significant damage to the central nervous system, young infants are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning causing brain damage.

Rust

________ can be prevented by coating iron with barriers that prevent the iron from coming into contact with water and oxygen.

Oxygen

________ and nitrogen are separated from air by fractional distillation.

Adverse effects

________: dissolves in rain to form acid rain which causes corrosion to metal structures, buildings and statues made of carbonate rocks, damage to aquatic organisms.

Adverse effects

________: dissolves in rain to form acid rain with similar effects as SO2 as well as producing photochemical smog.

Sources

incomplete combustion of fossil fuels e.g

Adverse effects

poisonous, combining with haemoglobin in blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen

Sources

combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds

Adverse effects

dissolves in rain to form acid rain which causes corrosion to metal structures, buildings and statues made of carbonate rocks, damage to aquatic organisms

Sources

reaction of nitrogen with oxygen in the presence of high temperatures, e.g

Adverse effects

dissolves in rain to form acid rain with similar effects as SO2 as well as producing photochemical smog

Sources

old water pipes, old paints, petrol in some kinds of racing cars and from very old engines

Adverse effects

causes significant damage to the central nervous system, young infants are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning causing brain damage