________ is formed when zinc reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and protects the iron by the barrier method.
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Adverse effects
________: poisonous, combining with haemoglobin in blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen.
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Poor sanitation
________ leads to the spread of bacteria and disease as drinking water becomes infected.
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Helium
________ is used to fill balloons, argon is used in tungsten light bulbs, krypton is used in lasers for eye surgery.
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Pollutes crops
________ and water supplies, irritates lungs, throats and eyes and causes respiratory problems.
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calcium chloride
The ________ in the 3rd tube is used to remove any moisture in the air.
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Oxygen
________ is used in steel making, welding and in breathingapparatus.
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Nitrogen
________ is used in food packaging, the production of ammonia and in the production of silicon chips.
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reservoirs
Water is taken from rivers, ________ or underground water sources (groundwater)
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noble gases
The ________ are still in the gaseous state at- 200 ºC, leaving a mixture of liquid nitrogen and oxygen.
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Clean
________ and safe water supply is very important to mankind.
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Iron
________ can be prevented from rusting using the reactivityseries.
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Filtration
________ is the process used to remove large insoluble particles by passing the water through layers of sand and gravel filters that trap larger particles.
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Anhydrous copper
________ (II) sulfate turns white to blue on the addition of water.
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Rust
________ is a chemical reaction between iron, water and oxygen to form the compound hydrated iron (III) oxide (________)
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Power stations
________ are a major source of sulfur dioxide.
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Cholera
________ and typhoid are examples of bacterial diseases which can arise by the consumption of untreated water.
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Food shortages
________ and famine due to a lack of crops which can not grow without a clean water supply.
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catalytic converters
Cars are fitted with ________ which form a part of their exhaust systems.
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Cobalt
________ (II) chloride turns blue to pink on the addition of water.
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Carbon monoxide
________ is oxidised to carbon dioxide:
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metal
The oxygen in the air will react with the ________, forming a(n) ________ oxide.
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metal catalysts
The ________ are in a honeycomb within the converter to increase the surface area available for reaction.
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series of redox reactions
A(n) ________ occurs which neutralises the pollutant gases.
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reactive metal
A more ________ can be attached to less ________.
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Sources
________: combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds.
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Exhaust gases
________ also contain unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
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Nitrogen
________ has a lower boiling point than oxygen so it vaporises first and is collected as it rises in the gaseous state to the top of the column.
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Adverse effects
________: causes significant damage to the central nervous system, young infants are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning causing brain damage.
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Rust
________ can be prevented by coating iron with barriers that prevent the iron from coming into contact with water and oxygen.
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Oxygen
________ and nitrogen are separated from air by fractional distillation.
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Adverse effects
________: dissolves in rain to form acid rain which causes corrosion to metal structures, buildings and statues made of carbonate rocks, damage to aquatic organisms.
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Adverse effects
________: dissolves in rain to form acid rain with similar effects as SO2 as well as producing photochemical smog.
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Sources
incomplete combustion of fossil fuels e.g
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Adverse effects
poisonous, combining with haemoglobin in blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen
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Sources
combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds
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Adverse effects
dissolves in rain to form acid rain which causes corrosion to metal structures, buildings and statues made of carbonate rocks, damage to aquatic organisms
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Sources
reaction of nitrogen with oxygen in the presence of high temperatures, e.g
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Adverse effects
dissolves in rain to form acid rain with similar effects as SO2 as well as producing photochemical smog
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Sources
old water pipes, old paints, petrol in some kinds of racing cars and from very old engines
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Adverse effects
causes significant damage to the central nervous system, young infants are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning causing brain damage
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