Social Psych- Ch 9

Prejudice (effect)

preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members

Discrimination (behavior)

unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

Stereotype (cognition)

beliefs about the personal attributes about a group or person

overgeneralized and imprecise

resistant to new information

sometimes accurate

Racial prejudice

interactions with the police, automatic prejudice, employment discrimination, favoritism, patronization

Interactions with the police

being pulled over

being shot for no reason

Automatic prejudice

involved amygdala (fear and aggression)

Employment discrimination

interviews changing your name a little

Favoritism

people getting more approval than others

Patronization

an emotional response where individuals are treated with condescension or as if they are less capable.

Gender and LGBTQ prejudice

#MeToo movement

strong gender stereotypes exist

Social sources of prejudice

socialization

Authoritarian personality

• intolerance of weakness

• hierarchy sort of structure

• goes back and forth from groups on both sides

Religion and prejudice

on average, church members express more racial prejudice than nonmembers

Orientations to religion

• extrinsic orientation: religion as a resource (more prejudice)

• intrinsic orientation: religion as the source of being

Conformity

families, government, schools, media, internet

Motivational sources of prejudice

social identity theory

Social identity theory

feeling superior to others

Ingroup

us

Outgroup

them

Ingroup bias

the tendency to favor one’s own group

Cognitive sources of prejudice

categorization and distinctiveness

We use stereotypes when

pressed for time, preoccupied, tired, emotionally aroused (positive/negative)

Outgroup homogeneity effect

perceived outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members

Own race bias

more accurately recognize faces on one’s own race

Distinctiveness

perceiving people who stand out

• feeds on self-consciousness

• person’s expectation of being victimized (stigma consciousness)

Self-perpetuating prejudgments

members of a group observed expected and unexpected behavior

Expected behavior

• preconception confirmed

• behavior remembered

Unexpected behavior

• preconception not confirmed

• behavior explained away/not remembered

Subtyping

thinking of individuals as “exception to the rule”

Subgrouping

thinking of individuals as a subset of the group (WNBA)