theme three

every human being has

free will

free will

you have the freedom to choose how you live

what does free will provide?

constraints and opportunities

the problem of order in world politics

organizing social, economic, and political power

order

how you organize societies and the power that comes with that

order is a problem in world politics

its subjective to the individual
it leads to an imbalance of power
there is no world government

anarchy

the absence of world government

is anarchy chaotic?

not necessarily, it can be
but it basically means that no one is charge of the world

we do not have a...

centralized authority that we would call a government that would maintain order in global politics

players in global politics

have different amounts of power

vox populi, vox dei

the voice of the people is the voice of god

commonwealths

creating a political community for the common good organized in a free, sovereign, and independent body, politic, or state

salus populi suprema lex esto

the good of the people is the chief law

both populism and nationalism are rooted in the idea of what?

popular sovereignty

populism gravitates towards the

right

what does populism identify?

it identifies the people with an ethnic or racial minority

nationalism turns against who?

minorities

populism

an anti-elitist doctrine

nationalism is led by who?

the elites

what to do populist policies thrive on?

relentless mobilization of popular energy

the two conditions that led to fervent forms of nationalism

secessionary
majoritarian

majoritarian

leads to attacking internal minorities

what factors galvanize or incentivize like likelihood of populism?

economics, migrations, foreign relations, scapegoating, understanding of the national community

questions involved with order in world politics

how is it that we have more order than disorder?
what are the solutions to the problem of order?
global order and national order?

90% of wealth

is held by 10% of the people

what is the condition of political anarchy?

pervasive and stable

why is political anarchy stable?

because there are 8 billion people in the world who believe in different parts of the world that are all under the jurisdiction of a government and state

the 200 states in the world

are very protective of their independence and sovereignty

sovereignty

the federal government is the highest authority of the land and the people living on it

how is having more order possible than

having more disorder

every state is connected by a

network

there is no

external or higher authority to make maintaining order easier

its up to the states

to maintain order whether its individually or together

thomas hobbes

a british philosopher in the 16th century who thought there was a problem of order within the uk

what did thomas hobbes want to do?

wanted to propse a solution and create a more organized society for economic and social prosperity

the leviathan

the state is made of a man or assembly of man
society has to appoint who will be in charge

people in nature according to leviathan

are fundamentally alike in state of nature when life is extremely dangerous
we all become equals

what states become according to leviathan

heads that reason and behave like people

the social contract according to leviathan

between the people and the leviathan to escape the state of nature

the three clauses of the social contract

surrender autonomy and individual rights
receive security within and from without
private property

surrender autonomy and individuals rights

we cannot act as we wish
there are limits to what we can as individuals
not just giving up on human rights

receive security within and from without

occurs in society
the leviathan protects the people in return for their rights

do we have a leviathan around the world?

no

the leviathan applied on a global scale

the items of the contract are used and applied
we can generalize them to the global context

the states represent what when applying leviathan?

the people

improved communications are a fundamental aspect of a wider phenomenon of what?

globalization

globalization enables us to do what?

to learn quickly and consistently about events all over the world almost as soon as they happen

the end of the soviet union

initiated a dynamic phase of globalization whcih affected our understanding of international relations

managing multiple global interdependencies requires what?

improving processes of bargaining,negotiation, and consensus seeking involving states and non state actors