Med Terms Chapter 9 (Urinary System)

azot/o

nitrogenous waste (combining form)

bacteri/o

bacteria (combining form)

cyst/o

urinary bladder (combining form)

glomerul/o

glomerulus (combining form)

glycos/o

sugar, glucose (combining form)

keton/o

ketones (combining form)

lith/o

stone (combining form)

meat/o

meatus (combining form)

nephr/o

kidney (combining form)

noct/i

night (combining form)

olig/o

scanty (combining form)

pyel/o

renal pelvis (combining form)

ren/o

kidney (combining form)

ur/o

urine (combining form)

ureter/o

ureter (combining form)

urethr/o

urethra (combining form)

urin/o

urine (combining form)

-lith

stone

-lithiasis

condition of stones

-ptosis

drooping

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

condition of the urine

genitourinary (GU) system

organs of the urinary system and female or male sexual organs

urine

fluid remaining in the urinary system following filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

uremia

accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in the bloodstream; associated with renal failure

nephrons

functional or working units of the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine; more than 1 million in an adult kidney; each consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubules

kidneys

organs of the urinary system that filter blood and produce urine

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

urinary bladder

stores urine

urethra

moves urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

retroperitoneal

pertaining to behind the peritoneum; used to describe the position of the kidneys

hilum

the center of the concave area on a kidney

renal artery

artery that carries blood to the nephrons of the kidneys

renal vein

vein that carries blood away from the kidneys

cortex

outer portion of the kidney

medulla

inner area of the kidney

renal pyramids

a dozen or so triangular-shaped areas within the medulla

renal papilla

tip of a renal pyramid

calyx

duct that connects renal papilla to renal pelvis

renal pelvis

large collecting site for urine within the kidney; collects urine from each calyx

renal corpuscle

blood-filtering portion of the nephron

glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

double-walled cuplike structure in the renal corpuscle that encases the glomerulus

glomerulus

ball of capillaries encased by the glomerular capsule in the renal corpuscle

afferent arteriole

carries blood to the glomerulus

efferent arteriole

carries blood away from the glomerulus

renal tubule

portion of the nephron that finishes the urine production process; divided into 4 sections: proximal convoluted tubulee, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

1st portion of renal tubule

loop of Henle

2nd portion of renal tubule; also known as nephron loop

distal convoluted tubule

3rd portion of renal tubule

collecting tubule

final portion of renal tubule

rugae

folds that allow the bladder to stretch

urination

excreting urine through the urethra

internal sphincter

ring of involuntary muscle that keeps urine within the bladder

external sphincter

ring of voluntary muscle that controls the emptying of urine from the bladder

urinary meatus

external opening of the urethra through which urine passes out of the body

homeostasis

balance in the body

electrolytes

small biologically important molecules such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-)

filtration

1st stage of urine production during which waste products are filtered from the blood

glomerular filtrate

fluid in renal tubules that consists of water, electrolytes, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, wastes, and toxins

reabsorption

2nd phase of urine production; substances needed by the body are reabsorbed

peritubular capillaries

capillary bed surrounding the renal tubules

secretion

3rd phase of urine production; additional waste products are added to the filtrate as it passes through the kidney tubules

nitrogenous wastes

byproducts of muscle metabolism found in urine

albumin

a protein that should remain in the blood that is sometimes found in the urine

urinalysis

physical and chemical analysis of urine, which gives medical personnel important information regarding disease processes occurring in a patient

specific gravity

indicates amount of dissolved substances in the urine

cystalgia

bladder pain

cystectomy

removal of the bladder

cystic

pertaining to the bladder

cystitis

bladder inflammation

cystolith

bladder stone

cystostomy

create a new opening into the bladder

cystopexy

surgical fixation of the bladder

cystoplasty

surgical repair of the bladder

cystorrhagia

rapid bleeding from the bladder

cystoscope

instrument used to visually examine the bladder

lithotripsy

surgical crushing of a stone

lithotomy

incision to remove a stone

nephrectomy

removal of a kidney

nephrogram

x-ray of the kidney

nephritis

kidney inflammation

nephrolith

kidney stone

nephrologist

specialist in the kidneys

nephromalacia

softening of the kidney

nephromegaly

enlarged kidney

nephroma

kidney tumor

nephrosis

abnormal kidney condition

nephroptosis

drooping kidney

nephrostomy

create a new opening into the kidney

nephrotomy

incision into a kidney

nephropathy

kidney disease

nephropexy

surgical fixation of kidney

nephrolithiasis

condition of kidney stones; usually begins with the solidification of salts present in the urine

nephrosclerosis

hardening of the kidney

pyelogram

x-ray record of the renal pelvis

pyelitis

renal pelvis inflammation

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

renal

pertaining to the kidney

urologist

specialist in the urine

ureteral

pertaining to the ureter