Weronika Tarkowski - Unit 2 Vocabulary European Colonization

William Penn

________ created a colony in North America for this group that he hoped would provide refuge.

Joint Stock Company

________: Short- term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund Englands early colonial ventures.

House of Burgesses

________: Created by Virginia colonists in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in America.

Half Way Covenant

________: Agreement allowing unconverted off- spring of church members to baptize their children.

Squatters

________: Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement.

Jamestown

________: First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company.

Glorious Revolution

________: Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch- born William III and Mary, daughter of James II.

Middle Passage

________: Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies.

Salutary neglect

________: Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws.

Maryland

Act of Toleration: Passed in ________, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ.

Headright System

________: Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborers passage to the colony.

Mayflower Compact

________: Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower.

Antinomianism

________: Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson.

English ships

Navigation Acts: Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only ________ would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England.

Society of Friends

Quakers: A religious group of Christians who called themselves the ________ and due do their beliefs, they were persecuted in England.

Puritans

________: English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds.

Charter

________: Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations.

Philips War

King ________: Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New En gland.

William

________ and Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight and new limits on monarchical authority.

Royal African Company

________: English joint- stock company that enjoyed a state- granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698.

Joint-Stock Company

Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund Englands early colonial ventures

Charter

Legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America founded by the Virginia Company

House of Burgesses

Created by Virginia colonists in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in America

Act of Toleration

Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ

squatters

Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement

Puritans

English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds

Mayflower Compact

Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Established by non-separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies

Great Migration

Migration of seventy thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies, primarily New England and the Caribbean

Antinomianism

Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing a democratically controlled government

King Philips War

Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New En gland

New England Confederation

 In 1643, four New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) organized for their mutual protection and formed a military alliance

Dominion of New England

Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey

Navigation Acts

Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England

Glorious Revolution

Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II

salutary neglect

Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws

Quakers

 A religious group of Christians who called themselves the Society of Friends and due do their beliefs, they were persecuted in England

indentured servants

Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years

Headright System

Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborers passage to the colony

Bacons Rebellion

Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeleys refusal to protect back-country settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite

Royal African Company

English joint-stock company that enjoyed a state-granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698

Middle Passage

Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies

Half-Way Covenant

Agreement allowing unconverted off-spring of church members to baptize their children