Propaganda Section F

Mrs. Felton is President of the PTA and you want me to believe her arguments for giving the PTA a large share in running the school? She's the last one I would believe.

3 Ad Hominem

I have proposed that the university go on record as opposing the war in Vietnam and in all your talking I have yet to hear from you any reason at all why the university shouldn't do so.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

Mom to Son: "I can't believe it. You're late again. Can't you ever get home on time? Dinner's cold already."

Son to Mom: "But I was hurrying. I met Mrs. Bump. She is expecting her fifth child."

Mom to Son: "No, no. Mrs. Bump already has five kids. Is she pregnant again?"

1 Diversion

When has the Catholic Church ever admitted its priests did anything wrong? That's why we shouldn't expect any apologies for this latest scandal.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

Philmont: "Any working man should be able to save enough money to send his children to college."

Doyster: "But, look at Croghan; he has twelve kids - he can't save any of his earnings."

Philmont: "Yes, but I meant a 'normal' working man."

9 Victory by Definition

Jones: "I think that police using dogs and shot guns for riot control is good."

Smith: "Oh, so you think that being bit by a mad dog is good?"

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Smith: "International test results show that the United States is falling behind countries like Japan, West Germany, and Russia in math and science education."

Jones: "Professor Gallagher has shown that the figures for Russia can't be trusted. The United States isn't doing so badly after all."

2 Disproving a Minor Point

Smith: "The Americans are the most violent people in the world."

Jones: "That's quite a statement to make."

Smith: "I didn't make it without sufficient reason. Our homicide rate is the highest among civilized countries."

Jones: "I doubt that."

Smith: "Look at these statistics, then. The United States' rate is double that of France, and all the other countries have rates lower than France's."

Jones: "Well, I guess you're right; we are pretty violent."

7 Inconsequent Argument

You were across the yellow line, weren't you?

5 Leading Question

Regan: "It is most important to build a strong defense at this time."

Brown: "My friend counsels a foolish course. Every young man and young woman in the uniform of the armed forces is his goal."

8 Attacking a Straw Man

In your editorial, you said, "To deny the Young Socialist Alliance a voice on campus would be to deny the viability of the democratic system." By this reasoning if a group of students sought recognition for a chapter of the Ku Klux Klan, the American Nazi Party, or Murder Incorporated, to deny them a voice on campus would be to deny the democratic system.

8 Attacking a Straw Man

A true American never quits, and I don't think that you'll prove otherwise.

9 Victory by Definition

"Why is it so cold outdoors, Mommy?"

"Because it's wintertime, Jimmy."

"I know; but why is it wintertime?"

"Because it's too cold to be anything else."

"Oh."

10 Begging the Question

You don't agree that this movie ought to be banned? Why not?

4 Appeal to Ignorance

The mayor is asked about charges directed against his newly-appointed Chief of Police - that the Chief, in the city where he served before, accepted bribes as protection money from a Mafia-run abortion clinic. The mayor said that he planned no action against the Chief on the basis of a story that had no more substantiation than "the word of a dope addict, a frightened man, an ex-alcoholic, under indictment for failure to file income tax returns, out of work, in debt, and separated from his wife and family."

3 Ad Hominem

Tell me, professor, why do we have to go on with this inhuman grading system?

5 Leading Question

Smith: "I favor Home Rule for this university, meaning that the students would choose the members of the Board of Trustees. Of course, the faculty should have a share in the choice, though not as large a share, since the number of faculty is much smaller than the number of students."

Jones: "How far out of touch with reality can one get? Smith would have the trustees chosen only by students, which means that those who are at the university precisely because they lack knowledge would choose those who are responsible for giving them knowledge."

8 Attacking a Straw Man

"Why does Jones hate mankind so much?"

"That's simple. He's a misanthropist."

10 Begging the Question

Come now, she isn't much of a student, is she, Professor Smaltz?

5 Leading Question

Teacher: "Jeff, if you want to improve your conduct grade, you need to do the following things: Stop getting into fights with other boys; stop taking things out of other students' desks; and stop ignoring me every time I tell you to pay attention."

Jeff: "But Mrs. Snerdly, I always pay attention every time you say get ready to go to lunch."

2 Disproving a Minor Point

For a lot of reasons, shouldn't your brand be Blue?

5 Leading Question

Do you ever donate to the Salvation Army? If so, our annual spring collection drive has just begun.

0 No Technique - not Leading Question

Sure you think we should build a new bridge across the river. After all, you own 2000 acres of land on the other side of the river.

3 Ad Hominem

McKenzie wants to rent his second floor apartment to the Hardings, a Black family of four. He must want our neighborhood to become a ghetto in six months.

8 Attacking a Straw Man

I should get an A on my report card because I deserve it.

10 Begging the Question

Smith: "Someone has said that if students are not allowed to buy beer in Violet, they will then go by car to some other town, thus increasing traffic and traffic accidents. Can you meet that objection?"

Jones: "Certainly. That is the point. The facts are that a person of average size, consuming half a bottle of beer, suffers only a 5% loss in thinking ability."

7 Inconsequent Argument

I say they're in love. Isn't it evident? How else can you explain their actions?

4 Appeal to Ignorance

There is no evidence that spirits exist. So we can only conclude that something else is causing noises in this old house.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

Smith says he will represent us well in the Senate. This comes from a man whose father was a known gangster, whose mother was an alcoholic, and who was expelled from his first high school.

3 Ad Hominem

Acid Rain Bleach does the job best. Shouldn't your brand be Acid Rain?

5 Leading Question

It is easy to see why General Motors is in favor of laws which would limit the number of cars imported each year.

3 Ad Hominem

I expect the Pattersons to buy a new car next year. They have bought a new car every third year for the last 15 years, and next year their Skylark will be three years old.

7 Inconsequent Argument

Does Peter still burp when he eats at the Burger Palace?

5 Leading Question

Steve Forbes says that he will represent us well as a fiscally conservative governor. This comes from the same man that was an avowed liberal during all his early political years. Why, he'll just give away all our tax dollars.

3 Ad Hominem

Max: "I think that the search of airline passengers is important for maintaining security on flights."

Tex: "Oh, so you want the government to come prying into everything you own. Personally I want a little protection from unlawful search."

8 Attacking a Straw Man

I want this country to be run by true conservatives. You say that Johnston should have our vote because he is conservative in his politics. But he voted for a decrease in defense spending. He is not a conservative in my book. He won't get my support.

9 Victory by Definition

Mrs. Buntz, the reason Sally is so mischievous is that she just has a little of the devil in her.

10 Begging the Question

After interviewing several reliable sources, I have come to the conclusion that Jack has never been known to drink more than one beer. It had to be someone else who stole the six-pack.

7 Inconsequent Argument

Joe: "I think Al Copeland should not put up such an elaborate Christmas display because of all the traffic and congestion it causes in his neighborhood. This is both a hazard and a source of irritation to his neighbors."

Schmoe: "I disagree. This phenomenon is just an expression of the Mardi Gras spirit that is so special to this city. New Orleanians love nothing better than a big street party."

1 Diversion

Smith: "I think the President can be legitimately criticized for these arms deals with Iran."

Jones: "So you think our foreign policy should be run by Congress and the news media, do you?"

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Why is it that you truck drivers always exceed the speed limit on our highways?

5 Leading Question

Not a single person has come forward who actually saw Frank steal the lunch money. How can anyone possibly conclude he is guilty?

4 Appeal to Ignorance

A copier ad: "Is your small copier being killed by popular demand?"

5 Leading Question

Maxwell won't help our kids keep away from drugs. He's a known drunk and has been in jail twice on drug charges. Besides, look at how he dresses. He is disgusting.

3 Ad Hominem

The hijacker of Flight 737 was questioned concerning his connection with the terrorist government. The head of the government gave his personal assurance to the press that the captured prisoner was not a member of his government.

10 Begging the Question

1 Diversion

Ivan: "Communism cannot help but work. It provides incentives for workers, it allows everyone to reap the benefits of their shared labors, and it treats all men as equals."

Gregor: "I disagree. The farmers in the eastern sector received more wheat per family than those in the western sector last spring. Therefore we northern farmers will continue with our free enterprise system of government."

2 Disproving a Minor Point

Are you going to wear your diamond earrings tonight or may I borrow them?

6 Complex Question

Health quiz: "Have you smoked anything other than marijuana in the last six months?"

5 Leading Question

The reason Joan Collins is a celebrity is because she is so well known.

10 Begging the Question

The School Board met to rule on the teacher's competency. Her lawyer argued that Mrs. Brown had successfully completed four years of college and had never missed a day of school in 16 years. He asked for dismissal of the charges.

7 Inconsequent Argument

I believe the President's explanation of this Iran affair. The Senate investigators have not found any evidence to contradict his explanation.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

Frick: "The Saints really haven't improved this year. They've won six games but they haven't beaten a single strong team."

Frack: "The Saints beat the Rams."

Frick: "The Rams aren't really a strong team."

9 Victory by Definition

A: "My car is making strange noises. I think I'll take it to a mechanic."

B: "What? An auto mechanic is the last person to take your car to. He only makes money if he tells you there's something wrong with it."

3 Ad Hominem

The Federal Judge ruled that the state's prisons were overcrowded to the point where the prisoners were undergoing "cruel and unusual punishment." The Governor responded by saying that the judge wants the state to "build the prisoners a luxury hotel to stay in."

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Have you finally decided to take your doctor's advice and go on a fat-free diet?

5 Leading Question

To allow every person unbounded freedom of speech must always be, on the whole, advantageous to the state, for it is highly conducive to the interests of the community that each individual should enjoy unlimited liberty of expressing his sentiments.

10 Begging the Question

Mrs. Donaldson is going to have a baby in a few weeks. It will undoubtedly be a girl because all four of her children are girls.

7 Inconsequent Argument

If the Russians were to sign an arms reduction treaty with the United States, they must consider it to be in their best interests. Therefore, it must not be in the best interests of the United States, and for this reason I am opposed to signing any arms reduction treaty with them.

9 Victory by Definition

No breath of scandal has ever touched the Senator. He must, therefore, be incorruptibly honest.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

The reason so many people are out of work at the present time is that unemployment is so high. Iowa is a prime example of this situation.

10 Begging the Question

Five Central American Presidents signed a peace agreement committing their governments to move against rebel groups using their territory as bases to attack other nations. Honduran leaders said the provision did not apply to them, since there are no rebels based in Honduras. American advisors to the "freedom fighters" there had no comment.

9 Victory by Definition

Wife to husband: "The university is having a big Super Fair this weekend. Let's go!"

Husband to wife: "Oh sure, you want me to get sick on all those rides!"

8 Attacking a Straw Man

A: "Reelect Alvin for Governor. His economic reforms have saved the state millions of dollars, education reform has made teachers accountable, and he promised me the job of Public Administrator if reelected."

B: "The promise of you getting a political job is no reason for me to waste my vote on Alvin."

2 Disproving a Minor Point

When the councilman proposed two laws limiting the number of t-shirt shops in the French Quarter, the opposition replied, "French Quarter USA will become French Quarter Cuba!"

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Smith: "Jesus was a radical."

Jones: "Why do you say that?"

Smith: "The Romans executed him and they executed only radicals."

10 Begging the Question

Fellow Senators, the current Supreme Court nominee has no prior experience as a Federal Court Judge. That is reason enough to vote against his nomination.

7 Inconsequent Argument

Why is it that you feel you must keep up with Jones' lifestyle?

5 Leading Question

The murder victim was a highly-respected doctor who helped numerous patients with their problems. The accused killer has been arrested dozens of times for robbery, vagrancy, illegal possession of drugs, and even sale of drugs. Obviously a guilty verdict is called for here.

3 Ad Hominem

Not a single person has come forward who actually ate at Frank's Place. How can anyone conclude that the food is terrific?

4 Appeal to Ignorance

Smith: "I'm voting for Ferguson. He'll be a strong leader both in domestic and foreign affairs."

Jones: "Oh, so you want as your President a man who sets killers free and who wants to gut the military strength of this country."

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Gentlemen, there is no doubt that Miss Davis is an incompetent teacher. She is an admitted Communist and has led campus insurrections. We should bar her from teaching here.

0 No Technique?

Smith: "New Orleans showed when it hosted the Republican Convention that it isn't really one of the top cities in the country. Delegates complained about their hotel rooms, many were robbed, the cab drivers were rude, prices were too high, and the sound system in the Superdome was a disaster."

Jones: "The sound system in the Superdome was brought in by the Republicans. If they had used the Dome's regular system, they wouldn't have had a problem. No, New Orleans is big league all the way."

2 Disproving a Minor Point

Of course, Deavers won't support the right-to-work bill. What do you expect from a person who has underworld connections and a history of swindles?

3 Ad Hominem

Could this man, this loving husband, this devoted father, this trusted employee, have committed this terrible crime? I ask you, could he?

5 Leading Question

Smith: "Tulane lost to every strong team it played this year."

Jones: "They beat Mississippi State, which has a winning record."

Smith: "You call them a strong team? They've had an easy schedule."

9 Victory by Definition

Women can never be equal to men because men are stronger in all ways. Men are stronger because of their heredity, not their environment. Their heredity gives them this advantage because of the impossibility of the equality of the sexes.

10 Begging the Question

According to our judicial system, if a defendant is not proven guilty, he or she is presumed innocent.

0 No Technique - not Begging the Question

Presidential candidate Pat Robertson maintained that he couldn't prove that there weren't Soviet missile sites in Cuba and therefore there might be.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

When asked by the reporter why he favored an income tax cut, the president replied that he considered the tax cut good for the nation.

10 Begging the Question

Klar: "I think that Bent State is a good school to prepare one for the future."

Dietz: "I disagree. I hear so many negative things about Bent. I don't see how it could possibly be any good."

Klar: "Well, with the help of my high school background, Bent has prepared me very well in my field of interest."

Dietz: "Yes, your high school was good. I remember visiting it once. It was a beautiful school, very well-equipped."

Klar: "If I remember correctly, your high school was also excellent."

1 Diversion

Debate Moderator: "The issue before us is whether the United States should adopt universal military training."

General: "I think we should. We will not have time to train an army in the next war."

Pacifist: "I think war is a crime against humanity. Think of the educational system we could build if we had no war debt."

1 Diversion

After the football game, the coach was asked by a reporter, "Was it you or one of your assistant coaches who ordered your player to knock out the other team's quarterback by hitting him after the whistle?"

5 Leading Question

Smith: "Split pea soup made with fresh peas can be found only in the South."

Jones: "Anderson Split Pea Soup isn't made in the South."

Smith: "Obviously it isn't made with genuinely fresh peas."

9 Victory by Definition

Professor Mason is not at all a good teacher. Why, he doesn't even wear a coat and tie while teaching his summer school classes.

7 Inconsequent Argument

On the last four jobs that Turgid has had, he has failed to report to work on the average of 50% of the time. Unless he can show some reason for his excessive absences, I recommend that we not hire him.

0 No Technique - not Ad Hominem

This substance will ignite in the presence of a flame because it is inflammable.

10 Begging the Question

Oh really? Who are you to talk about parental guidance? You're a heavy smoker. A fine example you set for your children!

3 Ad Hominem

Since we have thus far been unable to discover any limit to the universe, we must conclude that space is infinite.

4 Appeal to Ignorance

He: "You ought to quit smoking."

She: "You ought to quit drinking."

He: "I only drink on weekends."

1 Diversion

Won't Federal aid to Nicaragua bring more jobs, higher salaries, and improved living conditions?

6 Complex Question

When Diana tried to explain to her younger brother why he should be a careful driver, he answered, "You shouldn't talk. After all, who was it that hit the danger sign, scraped the fender as she pulled into a parking space, and hit the fire hydrant, all within three hours?"

3 Ad Hominem

Ron: "Learning can only take place inside a classroom."

Lon: "That's absurd. I've heard many people tell me that they learned more in their first year of work than they did in their last three years of school."

Ron: "I don't mean skill-learning. I mean the kind of liberal education you can get only in a good school."

9 Victory by Definition

I don't believe you're proposing that we teach our students about the Red Chinese government! Why, it's people like you who are implanting malicious thoughts about the overthrow of the United States that make me question letting teachers make decisions.

8 Attacking a Straw Man

Sure, I said that all athletes are sleazy, self-centered, and arrogant. Cal Ripken of the Baltimore Orioles? Well, he's no athlete - he's a folk hero in a baseball uniform.

9 Victory by Definition

"The student who burned himself to death in China did so to protest Communism."

"How do you know?"

"Why else would he do something so drastic?"

10 Begging the Question

It is said of Clarence Darrow, the famous criminal lawyer, that he had a case where he knew his client was guilty. Darrow came to court smoking a long cigar. When asked if he wished to cross-examine any of the prosecution's witnesses, he would say, "No," and go on smoking. Meanwhile the ash got longer and longer. Everybody on the jury was watching to see when that ash would fall off instead of listening to the prosecution's witnesses. Darrow did not introduce a shred of evidence for his client, and the jury found him "Not guilty." What Darrow had done was to push a wire through the length of the cigar. It will hold an ash indefinitely.

1 Diversion

From a radio ad for an elementary school: "100% of our graduates have been accepted to the city's top high schools."

9 Victory by Definition - "top"

Teacher to student: "Why did you cheat on the examination?"

5 Leading Question

Student to teacher in a psychology class: "What is the explanation of mind reading?"

5 Leading Question