chapter 2 (level 0.5)

2.1.1: What Spanish outpost was established in North America in 1610?

Santa Fe.

2.1.2: What French outpost was established in North America in 1608?

Québec.

2.1.3: What English outpost was established in North America in 1607?

Jamestown.

2.1.4: How many French Protestant Huguenots were killed on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572?

More than 10,000 people.

2.1.5: Which French explorer scouted several hundred miles up the St. Lawrence River in the 1540s?

Jacques Cartier.

2.1.6: What 1598 royal decree granted limited toleration to French Protestants?

The Edict of Nantes.

2.1.7: Which French monarch was known as the "Sun King"?

King Louis XIV.

2.1.8: How many years did King Louis XIV reign over France?

72 years.

2.1.9: In what year was Québec founded?

1608.

2.1.10: Who is known as the "Father of New France"?

Samuel de Champlain.

2.1.11: Which Native American alliance became lasting enemies of France after Champlain fought against them?

The Iroquois Confederacy.

2.1.12: What was the white population of Catholic New France around 1750?

Approximately 60,000 colonists.

2.2.1: What primary animal pelt fueled the economy of New France?

Beaver pelt.

2.2.2: What French term translates to "runners of the woods"?

Coureurs de bois.

2.2.3: What French term described the paddle-swinging boatmen who recruited Native Americans into fur trading?

Voyageurs.

2.2.4: Which Catholic religious order played a major role as explorers and geographers in New France?

The Jesuits.

2.2.5: Who founded Detroit in 1701?

Antoine Cadillac.

2.2.6: What nickname was given to Detroit when it was founded in 1701?

"The City of Straits."

2.2.7: Who floated down the Mississippi River in 1682 to claim the interior basin for King Louis XIV?

Robert de La Salle.

2.2.8: What name did Robert de La Salle give to the Mississippi River basin?

Louisiana.

2.2.9: In what year was the French port of New Orleans founded?

1718.

2.2.10: Which area was considered the fertile agricultural "garden" of France's North American empire?

The Illinois country.

2.3.1: In what year did the Spanish establish St. Augustine in Florida?

1565.

2.3.2: What is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the United States?

St. Augustine, Florida.

2.3.3: What city was established in 1610 as the capital of Spanish New Mexico?

Santa Fe.

2.4.1: Which English monarch broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s?

King Henry VIII.

2.4.2: What religious movement was launched in England by Henry VIII's break with Rome?

The Protestant Reformation.

2.4.3: In what year did Queen Elizabeth I ascend to the English throne?

1558.

2.4.4: Where did English troops crush a Catholic uprising with extreme violence in the 1570s and 1580s?

Ireland.

2.5.1: Who was the most famous English "sea dog" who looted Spanish treasure ships?

Sir Francis Drake.

2.5.2: In what year was Sir Francis Drake knighted by Queen Elizabeth I?

1580.

2.5.3: Which English promoter lost his life at sea in 1583 attempting to colonize Newfoundland?

Sir Humphrey Gilbert.

2.5.4: Where did Sir Walter Raleigh organize an English landing in 1585?

Roanoke Island.

2.5.5: Who was the first child born to English parents in the New World?

Virginia Dare.

2.5.6: In what year was the Spanish Armada defeated in the English Channel?

1588.

2.5.7: How many ships made up the Spanish Armada that invaded the English Channel in 1588?

130 ships.

2.5.8: What name was given to the storm that crippled the fleeing Spanish Armada?

The "Protestant wind."

2.5.9: In what year did England and Spain sign a formal peace treaty?

1604.

2.6.1: What was England's population around the year 1600?

Approximately 4 million people.

2.6.2: What term described the practice of English landlords converting croplands into sheep pastures?

Enclosure.

2.6.3: What English legal rule decreed that only eldest sons could inherit landed estates?

Primogeniture.

2.6.4: What business invention allowed multiple English investors to pool capital for overseas colonization?

The joint-stock company.

2.7.1: Which English king granted a charter to the Virginia Company of London in 1606?

King James I.

2.7.2: What key legal privilege did the Virginia Company charter guarantee to overseas colonists?

The rights of Englishmen.

2.7.3: On what exact date did English settlers disembark to found Jamestown?

May 24, 1607.

2.7.4: What river was Jamestown built along?

The James River.

2.7.5: Who took leadership of Jamestown in 1608 and saved it from collapse?

Captain John Smith.

2.7.6: What rule did John Smith enforce in Jamestown to compel settlers to work?

"He who shall not work shall not eat."

2.7.7: Who was the daughter of Chieftain Powhatan who saved John Smith during a mock execution ritual?

Pocahontas (Matoaka).

2.7.8: How many settlers out of 400 survived the "starving time" winter of 1609–1610 in Jamestown?

60 settlers.

2.7.9: Which new governor arrived at Jamestown in 1610 to enforce a strict military regime?

Lord De La Warr.

2.8.1: How many villages were in Powhatan's Confederacy when the English landed in 1607?

Up to 100 villages.

2.8.2: How many total people were estimated to live in Powhatan's Confederacy in 1607?

Approximately 24,000 people.

2.8.3: What violent tactics did Lord De La Warr introduce against the Powhatans in 1610?

"Irish tactics."

2.8.4: In what year did the First Anglo-Powhatan War end?

1614.

2.8.5: Whose marriage sealed the peace agreement ending the First Anglo-Powhatan War?

Pocahontas and John Rolfe.

2.8.6: How many English settlers were killed in the synchronized Native American attack of 1622?

347 settlers.

2.8.7: In what year did the Second Anglo-Powhatan War break out?

1644.

2.8.8: What was the primary result of the 1646 peace treaty following the Second Anglo-Powhatan War?

It banished Native Americans from their ancestral lands.

2.8.9: By what year did the English consider the Powhatan peoples extinct?

1685.

2.9.1: Which explorer sailed up the Hudson River in 1609 on behalf of the Dutch East India Company?

Henry Hudson.

2.9.2: What company established the colony of New Netherland in 1623–1624?

The Dutch West India Company.

2.9.3: What island was bought by the Dutch West India Company from local Native Americans?

Manhattan.

2.9.4: What street name in New York City originated from the palisade wall built by Dutch settlers?

Wall Street.

2.9.5: What term described the vast feudal estates granted to promoters along the Hudson River?

Patroonships.

2.9.6: How many different languages were reported to be spoken in New Amsterdam in the 1640s?

18 languages.

2.10.1: Which European colony was established on the Delaware River between 1638 and 1655?

New Sweden.

2.10.2: Who led the Dutch military force that conquered New Sweden in 1655?

Peter Stuyvesant.

2.10.3: What architectural shelter design was introduced to North America by Swedish settlers?

The log cabin.

2.11.1: In what year did England seize New Netherland from the Dutch without firing a shot?

1664.

2.11.2: Who was granted the territory of New Netherland by King Charles II?

The Duke of York.

2.11.3: What was New Amsterdam renamed after its capture by the English in 1664?

New York.

2.12.1: Which Native nation in the southern Piedmont was formed by remnants of shattered tribes?

The Catawba nation.

2.12.2: What 1722 treaty between the Iroquois Five Nations and northern colonies is the oldest U.S. treaty?

The Treaty of Albany.

2.12.3: Which Iroquois prophet founded the Longhouse religion after having visions in 1799?

Handsome Lake.