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A sample of a low-density gas is initially at room temperature and has pressure p0. The gas is warmed at constant volume until the pressure is 2p0. Compared to the initial Celsius temperature of the gas, the final Celsius temperature is
greater by a factor of more than 2
A solid object has a hole in it. Which of these illustrations more correctly shows how the size of the object and the hole change as the temperature increases?
illustration #1
A pitcher contains 0.50 kg of liquid water and 0.50 kg of ice at 0°C. You let heat flow into the pitcher until there is 0.75 kg of liquid water and 0.25 kg of ice. During this process,
the temperature of the ice-water mixture remains the same.
A chair has a wooden seat but metal legs. The chair legs feel colder to the touch than does the seat. Why is this?
The metal has a higher thermal conductivity than the wood.
A quantity of an ideal gas is contained in a balloon. Initially the gas temperature is 27°C. You double the pressure on the balloon and change the temperature so that the balloon shrinks to one-quarter of its original volume. What is the new temperature of the gas?
–123°C
This p-V diagram shows three possible states of a certain amount of an ideal gas. 3 Which state is at the highest 2 temperature?
state #3
Consider two specimens of ideal gas at the same temperature. The molecules in specimen #1 have greater molar mass than the molecules in specimen #2. How do the rms speed of molecules (v rms) and the average translational kinetic energy per molecule (KE) compare in the two specimens?
V rms is greater in specimen #2; KE is the same in both specimens.
Consider two specimens of ideal gas at the same temperature. Specimen #1 has the same total mass as specimen #2, but the molecules in specimen #1 have greater molar mass than the molecules in specimen #2. In which specimen is the total translational kinetic energy of the entire gas greater?
specimen #2
You have a quantity of ideal gas in a cylinder with rigid walls that prevent the gas from expanding or contracting. If you double the rms speed of molecules in the gas, the gas pressure
increases by a factor of 4.
You have 1.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas and 1.00 mol of an ideal diatomic gas whose molecules can rotate. Initially both gases are at room temperature. If the same amount of heat flows into each gas, which gas will undergo the greatest increase in temperature?
the monatomic gas
A system can be taken from state a to state b along any of the three paths shown in the p-V diagram. If state b has greater internal energy than state a, along which path is the absolute value |Q| of the heat transfer the greatest?
path 1
In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the amount of heat that flows into the gas
equals the amount of work done by the gas.
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to b to c and back to a. Process b → c is isothermal. For this complete cycle,
Q > 0, W > 0, and ∆U = 0
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to b to c and back to a. Process b → c is isothermal. For process a → b,
Q > 0 and ∆U > 0
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to b to c and back to a. Process b → c is isothermal. For process b → c,
Q > 0 and ∆U = 0
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to b to c and back to a. Process b → c is isothermal. For process c → a,
Q < 0 and ∆U < 0
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to c to b and back to a. Process c → b is adiabatic. For process c → b,
Q = 0, W < 0, and ∆U > 0
Which statement about these two thermodynamic processes is correct?
The upper one is reversible and the lower one is irreversible
An ideal gas is taken around the cycle shown in this p-V diagram, from a to c to b and back to a. Process c → b is adiabatic. Which of the processes in this cycle could be reversible?
c → b
During one cycle, an automobile engine takes in 12,000 J of heat and discards 9000 J of heat. What is the efficiency of this engine?
25%
During one cycle, an automobile engine with an efficiency of 20% takes in 10,000 J of heat. How much work does the engine do per cycle?
2000 J
A copper pot at room temperature is filled with room- temperature water. Imagine a process whereby the water spontaneously freezes and the pot becomes hot. Why is such a process impossible?
It violates the second law of thermodynamics.
A Carnot engine takes heat in from a reservoir at 400 K and discards heat to a reservoir at 300 K. If the engine does 12,000 J of work per cycle, how much heat does it take in per cycle?
48,000 J
You put an ice cube at 0°C inside a large metal box at 70°C. The ice melts and the entropy of the ice increases. Which statement is correct?
Entropy of the metal box decreases; total entropy increases.
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