Sports medicine Skeletal System

Osteo

bone

Prefix

R with a circle around it

right

L with a circle around it 

Left

How many bones are in an adult 

206

How many bones are in an infant and what happens as they grow

270-300 and they fuse together

Smallest bone

stapes(part of your ear)

Largest bone 

femur

Bone 

living tissue that makes up the skeleton 

Cartilage

main type of connective tissue

Various types and purposes

Where are some places you can find cartilage

joints

Bones

Spine

Lungs

Ears

Nose

Ligaments

tough, elastic connective tissue that surrounds a joint to give support and limit the joint movement

Bone to bone

What are the 2 main parts of a bone

organic and inorganic

Organic 

Living cells; make bone resilient 

Inorganic

minerals and salts (calcium/Phosphate)

Makes bone solid

What does Wolff’s law state

Bones are constantly changing based on the forces applied to them

What are the functions of the skeletal system 

provide support for the body 

Protects vital organs 

Assists with movement

Production of blood cells

Storage area for minerals 

What type of skeleton do humans have

endoskeleton

What are the 2 groups of bones

Axial and appendicular 

Axial bones

bones around axis of body

Appendicular bones

extremities

how many vertebrae does the human body have

33

Artho

Joint 

B with a circle around it

bilateral

What are the classifications of bones

long

Short

Irregular

Flat

Sesamoid

Long bones 

hard/dense

Provide strength, structure, and mobility 

Has a shaft and 2 ends

(Can be found in extremeties)

Name some long bones

clavicle

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Metacarpus

Phalanges

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Metatarsus

Short bones

short and irregular shaped

Found in wrist and ankle

Provides stability and movement

Examples of short bones

carpals and tarsals

What is each individual bone in the phalanges called 

phalanx

Sesamoid bones

Imbedded in tendons

Reinforces and decreases stress on tendons

How many carpals are there

16 total

Examples of Sesamoid bones 

patella 

Irregular bones

complex shapes

For protection

What are some examples of irregular bones

vertebrae

Zygomatic

Maxilla

Mandible

Flat bones 

Thin and flat

Protection or muscle attachment 

Makes red blood cells

Examples of flat bones

hip

Rib

Scapula

Sternum

Parietal

Frontal

Epiphysis

Ends 

2 total 

Epiphyseal plate

Growth plate

(Grows in lengths)

Metaphysis

growth center

Where epiphyseal plate is

Diaphysis 

shaft 

Somewhat pliable 

Marrow cavity

blood cell production

blood vessels 

blood supply 

Fracture 

complete or partial break in the continuity of the bone 

Fx

fracture

What are some differences bone growth and formation

Age difference

Sex difference

Racial difference

Age difference 

birth to death 

Greenstick vs brittle bones disease

Sex difference

bone density M=50% higher peak density

Women have a greater pelvic width

Racial difference

bone density 

Rate of density of decline 

describe bone growth

bones growth in length at growth plate

Bones grow in width by generation of new cells from marrow cavity

What are some factors that effect bone growth

genetics

Mechanical

metabolic

endocrine

Mechanical

Activity of muscle on bone 

Metabolic

dietary

Vitamins and minerals

Endocrine

hormone secretion

Who made wolffs law 

Julius Wolff 1892

Rickets

softening and wreaking of bones in children

Caused by extreme vitamin D deficiency or no time outside

Treatment is increase in eating calcium and or vitamin D

Could need brace or surgery

Osteoporosis

body loses to much bone or makes to little

Bone becomes weak

Treatment is medications healthy diet and weight bearing exercise

Crepitus

A grading sound/sensation caused by friction between bone and cartilage or fractured part of bone

Dx

diagnosis

What are the 3 types of joints 

fibrous 

Cartilaginous 

Synovial 

Fibrous joint

bones are attached by fibrous tissue

No movement

Also called synarthrotic

Examples of fibrous joint

skull sutures

Cartilaginous joints

Bones connected by cartilage tissue

Little to no movement 

Also called amphiarthrotic 

Examples of cartilaginous Joints

vertebrae

Synovial joints 

freely to move 

 Also called Diarthrotic

What is an examples of synovial

hip

Shoulder

Knee

What’s inside a synovial joint

Surrounded by an articular capsule filled with synovial fluid

Articular cartilage covers the articular surface of bones

2 or more bones

What are some synovial joint types 

ball and socket 

Hinge

Saddle 

Pivot

Gliding 

Ball and socket joints

movement in all 3 planes

Hip and shoulder

Hinge joints

ROM is flexion/extension

Elbow and knee

Saddle 

movement in all planes 

Thumb 

Pivot

ROM is rotation

Skull/neck and radius/ulna

Gliding

ROM is gliding

Intercarpal joints of wrist/AC unit

Candyloid/Ellipsoidal

Oval surface of one bone fits in another 

Radiocarpal 

Effusion

excessive swelling inside a joint

UE

Upper extremeties

Arthritis 

group of disease involving inflammation of the joints 

2 main types- osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis 

Type of autoimmune disease 

Osteoarthrits

chronic disease(aging) break down of cartilage/bone overtime.Has pain/stifness

Found in hips and knees

Rheumatoid Arthritis

chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue/joints

3x more common in females

Starts in ages 35-45

Painful deformity and immobility

Found in fingers,wrist, feet, and ankles