Untitled Flashcards Set

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Transoceanic Maritime Exploration

New state-supported exploration of oceans that occurred from 1450 to 1750.

Three Gs

Gold (resources and trade routes), God (Christian expansion), Glory (fame and fortune of states).

Motivation for New Trade Routes

Europeans sought new trade routes to avoid Ottoman control and Italian monopolies.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese mapmaker who sponsored voyages to find new trade routes.

Significant Early Expeditions

Portugal discovered islands and sugar cane, leading to further exploration and trading.

Gil Eanes

Portuguese explorer who successfully sailed past Cape Bojador, opening up new routes.

Bartholomeu Dias

Explorer who navigated around the southern tip of Africa.

Vasco da Gama

Discovered a sea route to India, establishing Portuguese trade posts.

Trading-Post Empire

An empire that influences trade routes through posts rather than territorial conquest.

Christopher Columbus

Denied funding by Portugal and Spain until 1492 when Spain sponsored his expedition.

The 'Earth Apple'

The oldest globe, noted for its inaccuracies and missing details.

Significant Explorers

Ferdinand Magellan, who sought the spice islands and died during the journey.

John Cabot

Explored Canada, claiming land for Britain while seeking a route to Asia.

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who sought the Northwest Passage but founded Quebec instead.

Henry Hudson

Dutch explorer who attempted to find a Northwest Passage.

Northwest Passage

A theoretical sea route through Canada to Asia.

Mercantilism

An economic theory emphasizing wealth accumulation through trade and resources.

Key Ideas of the Unit

Portugal navigated the Cape of Good Hope; Spain traversed the Straits of Magellan; the impact of trading posts.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World and Old World.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1492)

Agreement that divided the Pacific Ocean between Spain and Portugal.

Colonization vs. Imperialism

Transformation from establishing settlements to enforcing control using military forces.

Disease Impact

European diseases like smallpox caused significant Native American population declines.

Slave Labor System

Labor system in which individuals worked to pay off passage to the New World.

Sugar Production in Madeira

Portugal developed Madeira into a center for sugar production, utilizing slave labor.

Triangular Trade

Trade system involving sugar from Americas, finished goods from Europe, and slaves from Africa.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

The forced transportation of enslaved people across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Middle Passage

The brutal sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas.

Afro-Brazilian Syncretism

Cultural blending resulting from the cross-continental diaspora and slave trade.

Plant Exchanges

The transfer of crops between continents as part of the Columbian Exchange.

Animal Exchanges

The introduction of new livestock and wildlife across the Atlantic during exploration.

Cultural Exchanges

The sharing of customs, ideas, and technologies between the Old and New Worlds.