apes unit eight

Point source pollution

A distinct location from which pollution is produced

Nonpoint source pollution

A diffuse area that produced pollution

Lead sources

Paint and gasoline

Lead is what type of chemical

Neurotoxins

Lead effects

Impaired learning, nervous systems disorders, death

Mercury sources

Coal and fish

Mercury is what type of chemical

Neurotoxins

Mercury effects

Damaged brain, kidneys, liver and immune systems

Arsenic sources

Mining and groundwater

Arsenic is what type of chemical

Carcinogen

Arsenic effects

Cancer

Asbestos sources

Building materials

Asbestos is what type of chemical

Carcinogen

Asbestos effects

Impaired breathing, lung cancer

PCBs sources

Industry

PCB is what type of chemical

Carcinogen

PCB effects

Cancer, impaired learning, liver damage

Radon sources

Soil and water

Radon is what type of chemical

Carcinogen

Radon effects

Lung cancer

Vinyl chloride sources

Industry and water from vinyl chloride pipes

Vinyl Chloride is what type of chemical

Carcinogen

Vinyl Chloride effects

Cancer

Atrazine sources

Herbicide

Atrazine is what type of chemical

Endocrine disrupters

Atrazine effects

Feminization of males, low sperm counts

DDT sources

Insecticide

DDT is what type of chemical

Endocrine disrupters

DDT effects

Feminization of males, thins eggs of bird eggshells

Phthalates sources

Plastics and cosmetics

Phthalates is what type of chemical

Endocrine disrupters

Phthalates effects

Feminization of males

Neurotoxins

A chemical that disrupts the nervous system of animals

Carcinogen

A chemical that causes cancer

Mutagens

Type of carcinogen that damages cells genetics

Teratogens

A chemical that interferes with development of embryos/fetuses

Allergens

A chemical that causes an allergic reaction

Endocrine disrupters

A chemical that interferes with hormone functions

Solid waste

Any discarded material that is not a liquid or a gas

E waste

Discarded electronic devices like televisions, cell phones, computers etc.

Landfills

Burying waste in the ground (most common)

Incineration

Burning waste at high temps

Ocean dumping

Dumping trash in the ocean

Reduce

Buying less

Reuse

Reuse what you have

Recycle

Certain materials are converted into something new

Rs in order of environmental priority

Reduce reuse recycle

Composting

The process of organic matter such as food scraps, paper, and yard waste decomposing.

Primary treatments

Physical removal of large objects, often through screens and grates, followed by the settling of large waste in the bottom of a tank

Secondary treatment

Biological process in which bacteria break down organic matter into CO2 and inorganic sludge

Tertiary treatment

The use of advanced filtration to remove any pollutants left in the water

Disinfection

Treated water is exposed to one or more disinfectants (usually chlorine, ozone or UV light) to kill bacteria

Vegetative cover

A layer of grasses and plants are added on top of the landfill

Cap

Once the landfill is full it is covered with a liner and a thick layer of topsoil

Daily cover

To keep garbage from blowing away or attracting animals, this is added daily and made of soil, tire shreds or shredded newspaper

Methane pipes

Decaying matter produces a gas called methane. This is flammable so it needs to be collected and reused for electricity

Drainage bucket

This is a mesh type fabric that lets leachate and water through but keeps garbage out of the pipes

Leachate pipes

These collect the leachate from under the landfill and drain it to leachate tanks

Plastic liner

This is made up of a heavy tarp of plastic which further ensures that leachate does not end up in our water

Clay

This layer helps ensure that trash leachate doesn’t end up in our water systems. This provides solid support for the next layer

Persistence

How long a chemical remains in the environment

Persistence organic pollutants

Synthetic, carbon based molecules that break down very slowly in the environment

Examples of POPs

DDT, PBC, Dioxins and aldrin

Bioaccumulation

The selective absorption and concentration of elements or compounds by cells in a living organism, most commonly fat soluble compounds

Eutrophication

A body of water enriched in nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorus

Deadzone

Aquatic areas in oceans or lakes with extremely low oxygen levels that are unable to support most marine life

Hypoxic

Low oxygen

Oligotrophic

These are waterways with low amounts of nutrients, stable, algae populations, and high dissolved oxygen

Vegetative cover

A layer of grasses in plants are added on top of the landfill

Cap

Once the landfill is full, it is covered with a liner and a thick layer of topsoil

Daily cover

To keep garbage from blowing away or attracting animals, a daily cover of soil, tire, shreds, or shredded newspaper are added daily

Methane pipes

Decaying matter produces a gas called methane. This is flammable, so it needs to be collected and reused for electricity.

Drainage blanket

This is a mesh type fabric that lets leachate and water through but keeps garbage out of the pipes

Leachate pipes

These collect the leachate from under the landfill and drain it to leachate tanks

Plastic liner

This is made up of a heavy tarp of plastic which further ensures that leachate does not end up in our water

Clay

This layer helps ensure that trash leachate doesn’t end up in our water systems. This provides solid support for the next layer.

Parts of a landfill order

Clay-plastic liner-leachate pipes-drainage blanket-garbage-methane pipes-daily cover-cap-vegetative cover

LD50

Lethal dose of a chemical that kills 50% of the individuals