US History A Level - THEME 2 - The Quest For Civil Rights: 1917 - 1980
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What does the NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
When was the NAACP formed?
1909
What does UNIA stand for?
Universal Negro Improvement Association
When was UNIA formed?
1914
Who founded UNIA?
Marcus Garvey
What does CORE stand for?
the Congress Of Racial Equality
When was CORE formed?
1942
When were the last of the Jim Crow laws overturned?
1965
When were the Jim Crow laws introduced?
In the late 19th century and the early 20th century
What did the Jim Crow laws do?
They enforced racial segregation
When were the Black Codes passed?
Between 1865 and 1866
What did the Black Codes do?
They severely restricted the rights of former slaves in the South
What does the 14th Amendment do?
It grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States
What does the KKK stand for?
the Klu Klux Klan
How many Black Americans migrated out of the South from 1910 to 1970?
About 6 million
When was the 14th Amendment declared?
1868
What does the 13th Amendment do?
It abolished slavery
When was the First Great Migration?
1910 - 1940
When was the Second Great Migration?
1940 - 1970
When was Plessy v. Ferguson?
1896
What did Plessy v. Ferguson rule?
That despite the 14th Amendment, segregation was possible if provision was ‘separate but equal’
What did Executive Order 8802 do?
It banned racial discrimination in the defence industry
When was Executive Order 8802?
1941
When was the Housewives’ League of Detroit founded?
1930
What was the name of the boycott campaigns that the Housewives’ Leagues set out to increase the hiring of black people?
Don’t buy where you can’t work
When was the United Nations set up?
1945
When was the President’s Committee on Civil Rights set up?
1946
Which president set up the President’s Committee on Civil Rights?
Harry Truman
What did the President’s Committee on Civil Rights do?
It called for equal opportunities in work and housing, it also urged strong federal support for civil rights
How many members did the NAACP have in 1917?
9,000
How many members did the NAACP have in 1919?
90,000
Which well-known separatist called for black people to ‘go back to Africa’?
Marcus Garvey
Which lawyer for the NAACP argued against segregation in the Brown v. Board of Education case?
Thurgood Marshall
When was Brown v. Board of Education?
1954
When was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
1955 - 1956
Which group was formed to organise the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
Which major event sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The arrest of Rosa Parks
What does the SNCC stand for?
the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
When was the SNCC set up?
1960
What percentage of black bus users stayed away from buses during the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
90%
What Supreme Court ruling came out of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and which year was it?
The ruling that bus segregation was unconstitutional in 1956
What was the name of the racist governor of Arkansas who stopped black students entering high school?
Orval Faubus
When was Little Rock Nine?
1957
Which president dealt with Little Rock Nine and what did he do?
Eisenhower sent federal troops to guard the children going to and from school, and in the school corridors
When was the Greensboro sit-in?
1960
When were the Freedom Rides?
1961
Which groups were involved in the freedom rides?
CORE and the SNCC
What was the nickname given to Birmingham in Alabama due to the regularity with which black homes, businesses, and churches were firebombed?
‘Bombingham’
What was the name of the racist chief of police in Birmingham?
George ‘Bull’ Connor
What percentage of people thought that race was the USA’s most pressing problem in a poll taken after Birmingham?
42%
When was the March on Washington?
August 1963
How many people attended the March on Washington in 1963?
250,000
When was Freedom Summer?
1964
Out of the 17,000 black people that tried to register to vote in 1964, how many were accepted?
1964
How many black people tried to register to vote in 1964?
17,000
Malcolm X served as a spokesperson for many years for which group?
the Nation Of Islam
What year did Stokely Carmichael become the chairman of the SNCC?
1966
What became the new symbol of the SNCC in the 1960s relating to ‘black power’?
The raised arm and a clenched fist