Practice Qs

Epinephrine

A neurotransmitter responsible for the physical changes during the fight-or-flight response.

Serotonin

The neurotransmitter affected by SSRIs, helping to manage anxiety.

Testosterone

A hormone associated with increased competitiveness and risk-taking behavior.

Oxytocin

A hormone responsible for emotional bonding, particularly in new mothers.

Serotonin

Higher levels of this neurotransmitter allow individuals to remain calm and happy.

Amygdala

The brain structure responsible for fear responses and emotional intensity.

Frontal Cortex

The brain region associated with planning and decision-making.

Nucleus Accumbens

A brain structure linked to the dopamine reward system.

Hippocampus

The brain region primarily responsible for memory formation.

Amygdala

Part of the brain that may overactivate, leading to sudden emotional outbursts.

Conscientiousness

A Big Five personality trait characterized by organization and reliability.

Extraversion

A Big Five trait associated with being outgoing and enjoying social attention.

Neuroticism

A Big Five trait linked to anxiety and emotional instability.

Openness to Experience

A personality trait characterized by a willingness to try new things.

Agreeableness

A personality trait reflecting kindness, empathy, and concern for others.

Oral stage

Freud's psychosexual stage associated with habits like nail-biting due to unresolved conflicts.

Anal stage

Freud's psychosexual stage that may result in orderliness or messiness.

Id

According to Freud, the part of the mind that operates on the pleasure principle.

Identification

A process in which a child copies the behavior of their same-sex parent according to Freud.

Projection

A defense mechanism where an individual attributes their unacceptable thoughts to someone else.

Introversion

Jung's personality trait characterized by a preference for deep conversations over large social events.

Collective Unconscious

Jung's concept referring to shared unconscious ideas and archetypes among all humans.

Thinking over Feeling

A preference for logical and structured decision-making according to Jung.

Oedipus Complex

A Freudian concept not found in Jung's theory.

Moving Away from People

A coping strategy identified by Karen Horney, indicating a desire for independence.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The psychosocial stage where a newborn learns to trust their caregiver.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

A psychosocial stage faced by teenagers struggling with their career path.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A psychosocial crisis experienced by young adults seeking long-term partnerships.

Integrity vs. Despair

A stage reflecting on the meaningfulness of life during retirement.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A stage where middle-aged adults seek to impact younger generations.

Integrity vs. Despair

A stage where individuals reflect on their life's accomplishments and regrets.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A stage where individuals struggle to form deep, meaningful relationships.

Machiavellianism

A personality trait characterized by manipulation and self-interest.

Conscientiousness

A trait often exhibited by individuals who follow strict schedules and maintain order.

Neuroticism

A trait associated with anxiety and worry, impacting emotional regulation.

Openness

A trait for individuals who embrace abstract thinking and creativity.

Denial

A defense mechanism involving the refusal to acknowledge painful memories.

Superego

Freud's concept representing the moral compass that governs behavior.

Phallic stage

Freud's psychosexual stage characterized by the development of morality and identification.

Anal stage

The psychosexual stage potentially linked to rebellion against authority.

The Shadow

Jung's archetype representing a person's dark or hidden side.

Anima

Jung's concept representing a man's unconscious feminine traits.

Extraversion

A trait exhibited by people who thrive in social situations.

Genetics

The most significant factor identified in twin studies as responsible for differences in personality.

Oxytocin

A hormone linked to the behavior of individuals high in agreeableness.

Nucleus Accumbens

The brain structure most associated with reward-seeking behaviors.

fMRI

A brain imaging technique commonly used to measure changes in blood flow.

EEG

The best imaging technique for measuring real-time electrical brain activity.

Correlational

The primary limitation of brain imaging in personality research, as it implies association but not causation.

Dopamine

The neurotransmitter most associated with motivation and pleasure-seeking.

Dopamine

The neurotransmitter most associated with pleasure-seeking and motivation.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness, often linked to stress responses.

Cortisol

A hormone produced in response to stress, impacting various bodily functions.

Adrenaline

Another name for epinephrine, a hormone released during the fight-or-flight response.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that transmit signals across synapses in the brain.

Hormone

Chemical messengers that coordinate activities throughout the body.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and contribute to feelings of pleasure.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter associated with muscle action, learning, and memory.

Serotonin Syndrome

A potentially dangerous condition caused by excessive levels of serotonin.

Dopaminergic System

The neural pathway involved in the release and functioning of dopamine.