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Pueblo Bonito

1,000 y/a in SW

Largest Chaco Canyon great house

Tom Windes studies it

five stories

1300 burials, mainly after 1000

Kivas

subterrainian chambers where secret socities met

700-800BCE Chaco Canyon

Abandoned pit houses, moved to masonry dwellings

Gwinn Vivian

Chaco expert, calculted potentail carrying capacity to be ~5500

“We the Chaco”

Chaco phenomenom Roads

40 ft wide, sometimes cut, sometimes just cleared

no set path, abrupt turns, some strairs

more than 250 miles discovered so far

most probably for trade or spritual reasons

1130 CE

Dry year, populations plummeted

Hohokam

450 to 1450 CE

known for buff to brown pottery

lived near drainages, built canals for irrigation

single room houses

population size varies

exchanged rood, raw materials and ceremonial objects and information

snaketown: largest community

bal court game originated from Meso America

Mogollan

1000 to 1130 CE

Mimbres: painted ceremonial bowls

sometimes fouynd in burials, mostly ‘broken’

Mesa Verde

500 to 1300 CE

slightly wetter env

built pueblos into natural rock structures

cliff palace

moved perhaps as a defensive measure

abandoned San Jaun drainaige in 1300CE

Arroyo Hondo

social fluidity and repeated movemnts of entire groups

1000 BCE

Archaic-Woodlands Boundary

Adena

500BCE to first century CE

diverse artifacts, widespread trading contacts and burial ceremonialism

most settlements where small (1-2 households)

burial mounds and sacred circles nearby

Cresap Mound

WV

4 stages of mound history:

wooden strcture surrounded by trench, then burn the strcture

more burials in natural depressions and further Earth fill

extend the mound with fragmentary burials aroud the hearth, and further cover the,

Hopewell Tradition

Middle Woodland: 200BCE to 400 BCE

famous for its Earthworks, elabortae bural customs and complex trading networks

Lots of foreign articats from far away, mainly found in illinois and ohio

Weeden Island Tradition

FL, AL, GA about 200CE

proto-mississippian

chracteristic pottery styles

sacred ceremonial complex

starchy seeds

agricultural staple as Cahokia in the American Bottom grew

Cahokia

centralized in 900

1050-1400CE

on Mississippi River, on American Bottom

great sociopolitical center, surrounded by smaller centers and homesteads

huge multi leveled mound (Monk’s mound)

Mound 72

in Cahokia

cache of human remains and artifacts

Melvin Fowler

270+ people. 20,000 shell beads suggesting human sacrifice, mostly males

maybe linked to creation myths

Mississippian cult Triad

cult of warfare (power base for elite, excitic motifs and symbols)

nature and fertility cult (Earthern mounds

ancestor cult (Morturay mounds

Moundville

1250-1500CE

AL

29+ mounds

important ceremonial center and highly formailized town

smaller then cahokia and etowah

Calusa

500 BCE to historic times

S FL, subtropical env, lots of islands

accumulated shell middens. constructed shell mounds, causeways, ramps and canals

dependant on fish and mollusks

algonquian and iroquoian

isolated language block groups

meadowood phase

distinctive thin triangular chert blades, highlys standardized projectile points, birdstones, gorgets, conchoidally shaped pots

St. Lawrence valley into quebec

Princess Point

650 CE

located on river flast

ancestor of both Glen Meyer and Pickering, both Ontario Iroquois Traditions

Owasco Culture

1000-1300CE

specific pottery forms, longhouses and matriocal residences