cell transport 1

Cell wall

The outermost layer found just outside the cell membrane in plant cells, bacterial cells, and fungal cells.

Selectively permeable

Refers to the property of the cell membrane to choose what can pass through into or out of the cell.

Cell membrane

A bilayer of phospholipid molecules with embedded proteins that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Fluid mosaic

The cell membrane is considered a "fluid" mosaic because it is flexible and contains patterns made by proteins dispersed throughout.

Passive transport

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a region of lower concentration without requiring energy.

Concentration gradient

An unequal concentration of solutions inside and outside the cell, creating a current due to moving particles.

Equilibrium

A situation where particles are spread out evenly, even though particles are still moving randomly.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without requiring energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane.

Isotonic

Describes two solutions with the same solute concentration.

Hypertonic

Describes a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell.

Hypotonic

Describes a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell.

Plasmolysis

When a cell loses water and its cytoplasm "shrinks."

Cytolysis

When a cell gains so much water it ruptures.

Osmotic/turgor pressure

The increase in fluid pressure in a plant cell as it gains water.

Endocytosis

The general movement of large molecules into a cell.

Exocytosis

The general movement of large molecules out of a cell.

Facilitated diffusion

The passive movement of molecules with a concentration gradient, aided by transport proteins.

Osmotic pressure

Refers to the vacuole of a plant cell filling with water, pushing the cytoplasm against the cell wall.

Energy

Needed to carry out endocytosis and exocytosis.

Yes

 Is energy needed to carry out endocytosis and exocytosis?

With

Does facilitated diffusion move molecules WITH a concentration gradient or AGAINST a concentration gradient?

Vacuole of plant cell fills with water pushing cytoplasm against cell wall

What does osmotic pressure refer to?

Cell swells

What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution? 

Cell shrinks

What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?

Remains the same

What happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution?

Cell wall does not burst/provides protection

Why don’t plant cells undergo cytolysis as easily as animal cells do? 

no

Does diffusion require energy? 

With- high to low; against- low to high

What does it mean to say molecules move ”with” a concentration gradient vs moving “against” a concentration gradient? 

A current is created due to moving particles and an unequal concentration of solutions inside and outside cell

What does it mean to say a concentration gradient exists?

movement from high to low; no energy 

Passive

movement from low to high; requires energy

Active

mitochondria

centrioles cilia

Cell wall

What part of a plant cell, bacterial cell, or fungal cell is found just outside the cell membrane?

no

Do animal cells have a cell wall? 

Extra strength and rigidity; protection

What is the function of the cell wall?

The membrane chooses what can pass through into or out of the cell

What does it mean to say a cell membrane is selectively permeable?

phospholipid; proteins

The cell membrane is a bilayer of ... molecules with embedded molecules of ...

Membrane is flexible with patterns made by proteins dispersed throughout

Why is the cell membrane considered a “fluid” mosaic?

Phosphate head; lipid tails; hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Which part of a cell membrane attracts water? Repels water? What term means attracts water? Repels water?