cell transport 1

40. What part of a plant cell, bacterial cell, or fungal cell is found just outside the cell membrane?

mitochondria

centrioles cilia

Cell wall

 41. Do animal cells have a cell wall? 

no

42. What are plant cell walls made of? 

cellulose

43. What is the function of the cell wall? 

Extra strength and rigidity; protection

44. What does it mean to say a cell membrane is selectively permeable? 

The membrane chooses what can pass through into or out of the cell

45. The cell membrane is a bilayer of ... molecules with embedded molecules of ... phospholipid; proteins

46. Why is the cell membrane considered a “fluid” mosaic?

Membrane is flexible with patterns made by proteins dispersed throughout

47. Which part of a cell membrane attracts water? Repels water? What term means attracts water? Repels water?

Phosphate head; lipid tails; hydrophilic; hydrophobic

49. What term refers to the movement of particles from a high concentration to a region of lower concentration?

Passive transport

Passive- 

movement from high to low; no energy 

Active-

movement from low to high; requires energy

51. What does it mean to say a concentration gradient exists?

A current is created due to moving particles and an unequal concentration of solutions inside and outside cell

52. What does it mean to say molecules move ”with” a concentration gradient vs moving “against” a concentration gradient? 

With- high to low; against- low to high

53. What term describes a situation where particles are spread out evenly even though particles are still moving randomly? 

equilibrium

54. Does diffusion require energy? 

no

55. Imagine a beaker filled with two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Side A contains a 42% sugar solution and side B contains a 5% sugar solution. The membrane is permeable only to sugar.

a. Does a concentration gradient exist? 

yes

b. Will there be a net diffusion of sugar? If so, in which direction? 

Yes- from side A to side B

56. What is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane called? 

osmosis

57. Is osmosis active or passive? 

Passive

58. What term describes two solutions with the same solute concentration? 

isotonic

59. What term describes a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell?

hypertonic

60. What term describes a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell?

hypotonic

61. What term describes what happens when a cell loses water and its cytoplasm “shrinks”?

plasmolysis

62. What term describes when a cell gains so much water it ruptures? 

cytolysis

63. Why don’t plant cells undergo cytolysis as easily as animal cells do? 

Cell wall does not burst/provides protection

64. What term describes the increase in fluid pressure in a plant cell as it gains 

water? 

Osmotic/turgor pressure

65. What happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution?

Remains the same

66. What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution? 

Cell shrinks

67. What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution? 

Cell swells

68. What does osmotic pressure refer to?

Vacuole of plant cell fills with water pushing cytoplasm against cell wall

69. Is facilitated diffusion active or passive? 

passive

70. Does facilitated diffusion move molecules WITH a concentration gradient or AGAINST a concentration gradient?

with

73. What term describes the general movement of large molecules INTO a cell?

endocytosis

74. What term describes the general movement of large molecules OUT of a cell?

exocytosis

75. Is energy needed to carry out endocytosis and exocytosis?

yes