Church History Theology II Final

Study cards for the final (Semester I)

Who is the newest Doctor of the Church, declared by Pope Francis in January 2022?

St. Irenaeus

What religious sect believed that secret knowledge is needed for salvation?

Gnosticism

According to Gnosticism, matter is \________

evil.

Any word with the root "eccles," such as ecclesial, ecclesiastical, or ecclesiology pertains to what?

The Church

Any word with the root "papa," such as papal or papacy refers to what Church office?

The Pope

Words such as episcopacy or episcopal refer to what?

Bishops

The Bible talks about Presbyters. Who are the presbyters in the Catholic Church today?

priests

What Church ministry was created in Apostolic times to attend to the material needs of the Church?

Deacons

In what century did St. Irenaeus live?

second

Who was St. Irenaeus's teacher?

St. Polycarp

Where was St. Irenaeus born and where did he serve as bishop?

He was born in Smyrna and he was Bishop of Lyons

What two terms have been used to refer to St. Irenaeus that express part of the reason he was honored in our time?

Bridge between the East and the West and Doctor of Unity

When a Pope dies or retires, who has the responsibility of electing the next Pope?

All cardinals under the age of 80.

Who was the Macedonian king who sought to spread Greek culture throughout the known world and is the focus of the beginning of the book of 1 Maccabees?

Alexander the Great

Who were the Seleucids?

Rulers of Syria after the death of Alexander the Great.

What animal did the Seleucids use to help conquer Egypt?

Elephants

Which Seleucid king committed an abomination to the Jewish people by sacrificing to Zeus in the Jewish Temple?

Antiochus Epiphanes

Who formed groups of resistance fighters to liberate Jerusalem from the Seleucids?

The five sons of Mattathias

When the Seleucids were defeated and the Temple purified, who did the Jewish leaders appeal to for protection and what gift did they send?

Rome; a large gold shield

Roman gods and goddesses were adapted from those of which people?

Greeks

In what ways were the Jewish people unique in the Ancient world?

They were monotheistic and they believed that they were the chosen people.

What is the literal meaning of Pax Romana?

Roman peace

What was the Septuagint?

Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, named Septuagint because 72 scholars worked on the translation

Which group of Jews withdrew from everyday life to the desert to devote themselves to a life of asceticism?

Essenes

Where did the Jewish people offer sacrifice to God?

The Temple in Jerusalem

What is a synagogue?

A place of Jewish worship devoted to the reading and study of Scripture

Who are the successors to the apostles?

Bishops

What is the Deposit of Faith?

Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition

What is the Book of Kells?

An illuminated manuscript containing the 4 Gosples that was created by Medieval Scottish monks.

What is the meaning of the word catholic?

universal

What are the Beatitudes?

A list of sayings from the Sermon on the Mount, beginning with "Blessed are the poor in spirit." These are a reinterpretation of the ten Commandments with an emphasis on God's mercy.

Who was the first martyr?

St. Stephen

Who was the woman deacon mentioned in the writings of St. Paul?

St. Phoebe

Which three Gospels are called synoptic?

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

Which apostle was a tax collector?

Matthew

Which apostles were fishermen?

Simon Peter, Andrew, James the Greater, and John

What is the Mystical Body of Christ?

The Church

What is the Paschal Mystery?

The Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus

What is a Gentile?

A non-Jewish person

What is the Sermon on the Mount?

A speech of Jesus' most important teachings that include the Beatitudes and how to enter the Kingdom of God and experience true happiness

What are the four marks of the Church?

One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic

Which Gospel writer is known as the beloved disciple?

John

Which apostles were the sons of Zebedee?

James and John

Who is the patron saint of lost causes?

St. Jude, also known as St. Jude Thaddeus

Which apostle is remembered for doubting the resurrection?

Thomas

Who was the first missionary apostle of St. Paul?

Barnabus

Which Gospel was written first?

Mark

Which Roman emperor started the first official persecution of Christians in Rome?

Nero

Under which Roman emperor was there an empire wide persecution of Christians?

Diocletian

What is the earliest known catechesis?

The Didache

What term is used to refer to baptism through martyrdom?

Baptism of blood

Which apostolic father was taught by St. John the Evangelist and then taught St. Irenaeus?

Polycarp

What is Tertullian known for?

Being an early apologist

What vision did Constantine have that changed the course of history?

A cross in the sky with the words "in this sign you will conquer"

What battle did Constantine win to become emperor of the West?

Saxa Rubra

What law signed by Constantine and Licinius in 313 AD legalized Christianity?

Edict of Milan

Who was Constantine's mother?

St. Helena

What is Constantine's mother remembered for?

She was a Christian woman who traveled in her old age to Jerusalem. She uncovered locations of many Bible events and identified the true cross.

Who were the Three Cappadocians?

St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nazianzus, St. Gregory of Nyssa

Gnosticism

A religious sect that believed secret knowledge was needed for salvation.

Arianism

heresy that said Jesus was the highest of all creatures

ecclesiastical

pertaining to the church

Hellenization

spread of Greek culture throughout the ancient world

Antiochus Epiphenes

Seleucid (Greek) ruler who committed an abomination in the Jewish temple.

Ananias

Christian in Damascus who healed Saul of Tarsus of blindness

Mystical body of Christ

Church

Damascus

City in Syria, Saul of Tarsus was on his way here to arrest Christians when he was struck blind

Barnabus

First missionary partner of St. Paul

Gospel of Mark

Earliest written Gospel

Only Gospel to contain the Annunciation, Visitation, Magnificat, Presentation, and Finding in the Temple

Luke

First general council of the Church

Council of Jerusalem

Decision of Council of Jerusalem

Gentiles could become Christian without being circumcised or following Jewish dietary laws

Catechumenate

Period of Christian formation before baptism; 2-3 years.

Didache

Written by disciples of the 12 apostles; Teachings of the early Church

Topics discussed in the Didache

The way of life and the way of death, baptism, and Eucharist

Office of the pope

papacy

office of the bishop

episcopacy

Series of military expeditions led by the Church in the Middle Ages to reclaim lands from Muslims or to fight heresy

Crusades

Monk from Cluny who became Pope Gregory VII

Hildebrand

Secular rulers claiming the right to appoint bishops

Lay Investiture Crisis

Medeival female saint who began having visions at 3 years of age and became one of the most accomplished people of her time

Hildegard of Bingen

What jobs did St. Hildegard of Bingen have in her convent?

gardening, tending the sick, and playing the psaltery

What was included in Hildegard's treatise, Scivias?

Creation, history of salvation, and redemption of humanity

What did Hildegard name her visions?

Shades of the Living Light

In the Middle Ages who was the most powerful ruler in Western Europe since the Caesars?

Charlemagne

Who was the French war lord who stopped the Muslim take over of Western Europe in the early middle ages?

Charles Martel

What is an icon?

A two dimensional image of Christ, Mary , the Saints, or a scene from Scripture

What is the purpose of icons?

To serve as invitations to prayer.

What is iconoclasm?

A heresy that viewed the veneration of icons as idolatry and that destroyed icons.

Iconophile

Lover of icons

Who was the Eastern Church Father who defended the use of icons?

St. John Damascene (or St. John of Damascus

Who is the last Eastern (or Greek) Church Father?

St. John Damascene or St. John of Damascus

Who was the Byzantine ruler who asked the Pope to convene a council to settle the iconoclasm controversy?

Empress Irene

What are the three monotheistic religions?

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

What is a belief that Muslims share with Jews and Christians?

There is only one God.

Muslims believe they are spiritual descendants of Abraham through which of his sons?

Ishmael

What do Muslims believe about Jesus?

That he was a holy man and great prophet

Do Muslims believe Jesus is the Son of God?

No

What was Muhammed's first wife's name?

Khadija

What did Muhammed do after he married a wealthy woman?

Spent his time in contemplation