Nucleic Acids

SBI4U - Birrell

Function of nucleic acids

assembly instructions for all proteins in living organisms

Nucleic acids are ____________ of _____________, the monomer

polymers, nucelotides

2 types of nucleic acids

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

DNA

🧬 Stores hereditary info responsible for inherited traits in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes + many viruses

☆ double-stranded

DNA is a double-stranded molecule in which the ____ _______ run ___________ to each other; they are oriented in the _______ direction relative to the sugar-phosphate backbone.

two strands, antiparallel, opposite

the link that forms between _________, creating a sugar-phosphate _________, is called a ______________ _____

nucleotides, backbone, phosphodiester bond

RNA

〰 The hereditary molecule of some viruses, several different forms are involved in protein synthesis

☆ single stranded

Components of nucleotides

1. phosphate group

2. pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)

3. nitrogenous base

draw a phosphate group

deoxyribose vs ribose sugars

deoxyribose: -H on carbon 2

ribose: -OH on carbon 2

Nitrogenous bases are classified as ____________ (single ring) or _______ (double ring)

pyrimidines, purines

The nitrogenous bases

👯‍♀ Adenine

👯‍♀ Guanine

💍Cytosine

💍Thymine (DNA only)

💍Uracil (RNA only)

nitrogenous bases on ______ _____ of DNA form _______ _____ to create the double helix shape.

☆ A ___ T, and G___ C

opposite strands, hydrogen bonds, A=T, C☰G

Besides DNA & RNA, other biomolecules composed of __________ exist. An example of this is ____, which carries energy.

Nucleotides, ATP