Unit 5

Market Revolution

A period in the United States where the economy shifted from an agrarian society to a more industrialized, market-based system.

Era of Good Feelings

A period during the presidency of James Monroe marked by national unity and the decline of partisan political strife.

Toll roads (turnpikes)

Public or private roads where drivers are required to pay a fee for use, leading to the development of better-quality roads.

Erie Canal

A man-made waterway connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River, facilitating trade and westward expansion.

Cotton gin

A machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing cotton production by speeding up seed removal.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its territory across North America.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement characterized by passionate preaching and large camp meetings, leading to increased church membership.

Temperance

A ban on the consumption of alcohol.

Abolitionism

A social reform movement aimed at ending slavery in the United States.

Colonization

The idea of emancipating slaves and shipping them back to Africa.

Gag rule

An attempt by pro-slavery forces to suppress the abolitionist movement by limiting free speech on the issue of slavery.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

An anti-slavery novel that influenced public opinion against slavery and contributed to the abolitionist movement.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women’s rights convention in the United States.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy written by John Quincy Adams to warn against involvement in European affairs.

Missouri Compromise

Legislation admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, regulating future state admissions based on latitude.

The American System

A plan by Henry Clay advocating for tariffs, a National Bank, and government subsidies for internal improvements.

McCulloch v. Maryland

A Supreme Court case where Maryland tried and failed to tax the Second Bank of the United States.

The Corrupt Bargain of 1824

The election of President Adams where Jackson won the popular vote but lost after Clay's endorsement.

Democratic Party

A political party advocating for a less active national government and lower tariffs, represented by Jackson and Calhoun.

Whig Party

A political party supporting national power, a bank, and higher tariffs, led by figures like Clay and Webster.

Bank War

A political conflict during Jackson's presidency opposing the rechartering of the Second Bank, leading to its closure.

Nullification Crisis

A crisis with South Carolina nullifying tariffs, leading to the Force Act to combat violence against African Americans.

Indian Removal Act

Legislation forcing the relocation of Native Americans to western territories.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans, resulting in significant suffering and death.

Eli Whitney

Recognized as the father of American technology for creating the cotton gin and promoting interchangeable parts.

William Lloyd Garrison

Publisher of The Liberator, who played a significant role in the abolitionist movement.

Frederick Douglass

A former slave and key abolitionist leader who advised Presidents on civil rights.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, which played a crucial role in anti-slavery sentiment.

Nat Turner

A slave who led a rebellion that intensively frightened slave owners about potential uprisings.

Harriet Tubman

First woman to lead an armed military raid and an advocate for women's rights.