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Generalist
they have an advantage in changing habitats —> they can recover quicker
Specialist
they are an advantage in habitats that are constant —> they do not do well in changing environments
Fertility Rate
the average total number of children a woman will have in her reproductive years
Replacement Fertility Rate
Typically around 2.1 —> it’s the number of children necessary to replace the death of the parents
Carrying Capacity
max population of a species that can be sustained (eg. food, water, shelter, living space)
Overshoot
when a population exceeds its carrying capacity; typically leads to resource depletion
Fecundity
the ability to produce offspring in abundance (rats = high, humans = low)
Density-Dependent Factors
their effects increase with the population density (eg. access to clean air, food, water, healthcare, habitat, transmission of diseases, etc.)
Density-Independent Factors
they affect the population regardless of the density (eg. natural disasters)
Rule of 70
used for determining population’s doubling time
Demographic Transition
the transition from higher to lower birth & death rates in a country or region as the country develops and moves from a pre/post/mid industrial economic system
Note 
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