module 5 - phonatory anatomy

the anterior end of the vocal fold attaches to the ____ cartilage

thyroid

arrow is pointing at what?

trachea

posterior end of the vocal fold attaches to the ____ cartilage

arytenoid

the ______ cartilage has the other postural cartilages resting on it

cricoid

the cartilage that supports the aryepiglottic folds is the ____ cartilage

cuneiform

the arrow points at what?

epiglottis

the arrow points at which joint?

cricothyroid

the ____ assists with protection of the airway

hyoepiglottic ligament

the aditus of the larynx is considered to be the top of what 3 things?

arytenoid cartilages

epiglottis

aryepiglottic folds

the larynx is “suspended” from above by the ______

hyothyroid membrane

the _______ are the lining for the upper half of the larynx

quadrangular membranes

the lining of the lower part of the larynx consists of the _____

conus elasticus

what is between the vocal folds and the ventricular folds?

ventricule

what is the space between the vocal folds?

glottis

what moves the hyoid anteriorly AND superiorly

geniohyoid

what reduces the space between the hyoid and the thyroid cartilage?

thyrohyoid

which of the suprahyoid muscles has two bellies?

digastric

which of the infrahyoid muscles has two bellies?

omohyoid

which suprahyoid muscle is the deepest?

geniohyoid

which of the infrahyoid muscles lies directly deep to the sternocleidomastoid?

omohyoid

what muscle originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone?

stylohyoid

primary function of the larynx

airway protection

what cartilage is considered the foundation of the larynx

cricoid cartilage

the _____ cartilage is a leaf like structure that prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing

epiglottis

do internal membranes connect laryngeal cartilages to structures outside of the larynx?

no, they connect them to other structures in larynx

what provides the lining of the lower half of the larynx

conus elasticus

what is the space between the vocal folds and the false vocal folds

ventricle

abduction of the vocal folds

moving them apart

adduction of the vocal folds

moving them together

what goes from the top of the aryepiglottic folds down to the ventricular ligament?

quadrangular membranes

is the digastric muscle a paired muscle?

yes

suprahyoid muscles elevate/depress the hyoid and larynx

elevate

infrahyoid muscles elevate/depress the hyoid

depress

sliding motion in cricoarytenoid contributes to ____ in addition to abduction/adduction

lengthening/shortening

postural cartilages include (3)

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoid

what is the top border of the larynx called?

aditus laryngis

glottis consists of the ____ commissure in front, and _____ commissure towards back wall of larynx

anterior commissure in front

posterior commissure towards back wall

what infrahyoid muscle is double bellied on the antero-lateral surface of neck

omohyoid

what is the specific vibrating mass of the vocal folds

vocalis

the _____ muscle is thought to make up main mass of vocal folds

thyroarytenoid

the action of the pars recta of the cricothyroid _____ the distance between the cricoid arch and thyroid lamina

reduces

the only abductor muscle of the larynx is the ___

posteror cricoarytenoid (PCA)

to cover the upper entrance of the larynx, the ____ muscle pulls the epiglottis posteriorly and inferiorly

aryepiglottic

vocal folds consist of __ different histological layers

5

the outermost vocal fold layer is the ___

epithelium

the deepest vocal fold layer is the ___

thyroarytenoid

framework

purpose of the larynx - what is the biological role? (3)

protection

• prevent foreign substances from entering lungs

• expel foreign substances threatening trachea

• prevent air escape from lungs

framework

purpose of the larynx - what is the NON-biological role?

sound generation

framework

non-biological role of larynx (sound generation) can only happen when not….

protecting

framework

what vertebrae is the larynx located at?

• forms large part of ___

C3-C6

• forms large part of neck

framework

what are the 3 main postural cartilages?

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoids

framework

what is the role of the 3 postural cartilages?

position and tense vocal folds

framework

what are the 4 structural cartilages?

epiglottis

hyoid

corniculate

cuneiform

framework

role of structural cartilages (3)

(unrelated to vocal folds**)

muscle anchor points

protect airway

stiffen tissue

postural cartilages

what is the largest laryngeal cartilage?

thyroid cartilage

postural cartilages

which cartilage is the frame of the larynx?

thyroid

postural cartilages: thyroid

have _____ attachments for vocal folds

anterior

postural cartilages: thyroid

4 major parts of the thyroid cartilage

thyroid laminae

angle of thyroid

thyroid notch

superior and inferior thyroid cornu

postural cartilages: thyroid

which part of the thyroid cartilage provides attachment for the front end of the vocal ligament?

angle of thyroid

postural cartilages: thyroid

thyroid notch sticks out further in males/females

males

postural cartilages: thyroid

superior and inferior thyroid cornu are also called __

horns

postural cartilages

which cartilage is ring-shaped

cricoid

postural cartilages

which cartilage is the most inferior?

cricoid cartilage

postural cartilages

which cartilage is the foundation for larynx?

cricoid

postural cartilages

which cartilage forms lower border of larynx?

cricoid cartilage

postural cartilages: cricoid

cricoid cartilage rests on the…

upper tracheal ring

postural cartilages: cricoid

what are the 3 major parts of cricoid cartilage?

arch

quadrate laminae

articular facets

postural cartilages: cricoid

arch of the cricoid cartilage is the…

thinner, lower part

postural cartilages: cricoid

quadrate laminae of cricoid cartilage has _ plates

2

postural cartilages: cricoid

articular facets of cricoid cartilage allow for…

connection

postural cartilages

which cartilage looks like a nose?

arytenoid cartilages

postural cartilages: arytenoid

where are the arytenoid cartilages located in relation to the quadrate lamina?

located on sloping border of quadrate lamina

postural cartilages: arytenoid

arytenoid cartilages are an anchor for… (2)

muscles

vocal ligament

postural cartilages: arytenoid

3 major parts of the arytenoid cartilages

muscular process

vocal process

apex

postural cartilages: arytenoid

the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage provides attachment for…

intrinsic muscles

postural cartilages: arytenoid

the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage provides attachment for…

vocal ligament

postural cartilages: arytenoid

the vocal process of the ayrtenoid cartilage:

• posteriorly attaches to…

• anteriorly connects at…

posteriorly attaches to vocal ligament

anteriorly connects at thyroid cartilage

structural cartilages

which cartilage is not attached to any other bone on skeleton

hyoid bone

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

the hyoid is held in place by…

complex muscle and ligament system

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

hyoid bone role (3)

support structure for tongue root

suspends larynx

anchors several extrinsic laryngeal muscles

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

3 main structures of the hyoid bone

body

lesser cornu

greater cornu

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

lesser cornu of hyoid bone provide attachments for…

extrinsic muscles

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

greater cornu of hyoid bone provide attachment to…

thyroid cartilages

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

greater cornu of hyoid bone are directed…

posteriorly

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

where is the hyoid bone located at?

C3

structural cartilages: hyoid bone

why does the hyoid bone lower in human development? what does elongating allow for?

to shape vocal tract

elongating allows for production of ALL VOWELS

structural cartilages

which structural cartilage is shaped like a leaf and is flexible?

epiglottis

structural cartilages: epiglottis

what is the epiglottis located JUST behind?

hyoid bone and tongue root

structural cartilages: epiglottis

the epiglottis is attached ____ to thyroid angle at the ___

attached INFERIORLY to thyroid angle at the PETIOLUS (pointy bottom)

structural cartilages: epiglottis

epiglottis function

cover airway while swallowing

structural cartilages: epiglottis

the larynx does WHAT to cause the epiglottis to fold down over the airway?

larynx elevates

structural cartilages: epiglottis

does the epiglottis require muscle action to work?

no

structural cartilages: epiglottis

why is epiglottis compared to a trash can lid?

it is a mechanical system that flaps the epiglottis

structural cartilages: corniculate

what are the corniculate cartilages?

bead-like cartilages capping each arytenoid

structural cartilages: corniculate

what is corniculate cartilage function

no known function - probably just structure for surrounding tissue

structural cartilages: cuneiform

where are the cuneiform cartilages located

embedded in the aryepiglottic folds

structural cartilages: cuneiform

cuneiform cartilages act like a tent pole for ____ and why?

aryepiglottic folds

• supports and stiffens them to maintain an open shape

joints

what 2 diarthroidal joints connect posturing cartilages?

arytenoid - cricoid (cricoarytenoid)

thyroid - cricoid (cricothyroid)

joints

motion at the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid joints define the ___ and ___ of vocal folds

define glottis and vibratory capability of vocal folds

joints

motion at the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid joints cause vocal fold variation in what 3 aspects?

length

tension

glottis size (space between vocal folds)