Education Exam

Learning Theories

What is the name of Erikson’s theory

What is the name of Erikson’s theory

Psychosocial development

Erikson’s theory is comprised of eight stages from infancy to ..

adulthood

One of Erikson’s stages

• trust vs mistrust

• autonomy vs shame

• initiative vs guilt

• industry vs inferiority

• identity vs role confusion

• intimacy vs isolation

• generatively vs stagnation

What is one question that teachers should encourage children ages 12-17 years to reflect upon

Who am I? What is my identity? What are my values?

Erikson’s theory in the classroom

• Teachers fulfilling promises

• range of activities that spark imagination]

• discuss what makes them tick

Maria Montessori believed young learners had what kind of mind

Absorbent Mind

Montessori’s Theory stressed the importance of educating what first

senses

According to Montessori, students should be encouraged to learn from making what

mistakes

In a Montessori classroom, what is the teachers role

to be the facilitator

How would Montessori's theory work in the classroom

• make your subject matter accessible to all

• have your learning materials appeal to a large range of senses

• encourage learners to follow natural instincts and not be afraid of making mistakes

Skinner’s theory

Operant conditioning- radical behaviorism

The rats in his experiments operated not out of reflex but acted on the environment (rather than reacting to it) this is known as..

operant conditioning

An important aspect of behaviorism supports the behavior being addressed not the ______ displaying the behavior

Individual

The two types of behavior modification approaches involved what types of reinforcement

positive and negative

When is the only time that rewards and punishments should act as reinforcements

if the reward is something the individual desires and the punishment is something they fear

Gardner’s Theory

Multiple Intelligences

How many intelligences are identified by Gardner

9

Gardner argued that an individual’s capacity in a particular intelligence will have a bearing on the way they

learn

Gardner’s theory suggests that in the classroom, teachers should allow learners the opportunity to tackle assignments in ________ ways

different

Name at least one intelligence and explain what it gives one the capacity to do

Interpersonal- a person who learns best with other people/ working in groups

Maslow’s theory

Hierarchy of needs

Maslow outlines what as the most basic need

physical and physiological

Maslow suggest that praise from the teacher is good but what is better

from peers

What does Maslow define as the highest need

self-actualization

How can Maslow’s theory be applied in the classroom

• Comfortable environment

• get learners working together

• give learners every opportunity to achieve learning ambition

Pavlov’s theory

Classical Conditioning

What did Pavlov test his theory on

Dogs

According to Pavlov’s theory, presenting subjects with an unconditioned _________ would provoke an unconditioned ________

Stimulus, response

How do you deal with someones fear or phobia of a subject

start small and gradually increase the intensity

Pavlov’s theory in the classroom

• ask learners what problems they have with the subject matter

• get them to appreciate the relevance of the subject

• give them easy tasks to complete and build up the intensity

Piagets theory

Constructivism

Piaget’s four stages of Development

• sensorimotor

• pre-operational

• concrete operational

• formal operational

What is at least one summary of Piaget’s studies that could apply to any age learner

Failing at something doesn’t make you a failure

Piaget’s real world theory example

Boy with special needs on football team

Piaget’s theory in the classroom

• try to get an understanding of what stage your learners are in

• adapt your teaching style

• Acknowledging effort and achievement

Caine & Caine theory

brain-base

Caine and Caine indicate a state of _______ ________ is done by providing an atmosphere that has the right balance of significant challenge and understanding of the learners feelings and attitudes

relaxed alertness

Allow your learners to take charge of the learning process in a way that is meaningful to them while asking challenging questions and encouraging reflection ________ __________

active processing

Caine’s theory suggests that the search for meaning occurs through _____ in which the brain accepts those that are ______ and rejects those that are ______

patterns, relevant, irrelevant

Caine and Caine in the classroom

• Lesson is right level of challenge

• vary teaching approaches

• give your learners a say

Name of Bandura’s theory

role modeling

Bandura’s theory suggests a process that involves role modeling: wherein actions are ______, appropriateness is ______ and then behavior is ________

Observed, assessed, put into action

Bandura used what term to describe believing that you are capable of executing good behavior

self-efficiency

the way you ______ in the classroom will have an impact on your learners

act

Bandura in classroom example

• the way you behave has an impact on your class

• don’t chose stereotypes to reinforce behavior

• if you choose role models, make sure your learners are capable of replicating their behavior