history notes v2

Clovis

Developed the Franks into one of the strongest Germanic tribes in Europe and was baptized in 481 A.D.

Germanic Tribes

Tribes such as Celts, Jutes, Thuringians, Vandals, and Avars who lacked cities and written laws.

Charlemagne

Charles the Great (747-814 A.D.), crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III in 800 A.D.

Battle of Tours

A 732 A.D. conflict where the Franks, led by Charles Martel, defeated the Islamic Moors, stopping their advance into Europe.

Treaty of Verdun

843 A.D. agreement that divided Charlemagne's empire into three parts: Western Frankish Kingdom, Eastern Frankish Kingdom, and Lotharingia.

Feudalism

A loosely organized system where powerful lords divided land among vassals, with various responsibilities between lords and vassals.

Manorial System

An agricultural economy based on self-sufficient estates, where serfs worked the land.

Knights

Mounted warriors trained from childhood who followed a strict Code of Chivalry.

Christian Church Division

The division of the Christian Church into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic after the fall of Rome.

Agricultural Revolution

A period marked by new farming technologies that increased food production significantly.

Commercial Revolution

A reemergence of money use, development of banking services, and rise of a middle class in medieval towns.

Guilds

Merchant and craft associations that controlled trade and regulations, including an apprentice system.

Middle Ages Time Periods

Divided into Early Middle Ages (476-1000 A.D.), High Middle Ages (1000-1250 A.D.), and Late Middle Ages (1250-1450 A.D).