Finals Identification Review Cards

Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Joints, Endocrine System, Reproductive System, Urinary System, DIgestive System, Integumentary System, Respiratory System. Cardiovascular (Heart, Circulatory, Blood) System, Histology, Muscles, Tissues: Slides, Models, Dissections)

Osteo...

Related to bones

Functions of Skeleton

Support, Protection, Movement, Electrolyte balance, Acid-Base balance, Blood formation

Osteoclast

Bone dissolving cells.

mature Osteoblasts trapped in matrix they deposited. Reside in lacunae.

Osteocytes

Osteoblast

Bone forming cells..

Structure shown in B

Compact (cortical) bone

Structure shown in A

Spongy (trabecular) bone

Basic unit of compact bone

Osteon

Central (Haversian) Canal

Lacuna

Concentric Lamellae

structure seen in C

Trabeculae of spongy bone

Flat bones

Cranial bones, scapula, sternum, ribs, and hip bones

Long bones

Bones of the limbs and hands/feet (NOT wrists and ankles)

Short bones

Carpal and tarsal and patella.

Irregular bones

Vertebrae, middle-ear bones

Medullary Cavity

Also known as marrow cavity, contains bone marrow.

Diaphysis

Shaft of bone. (Leverage)

Epiphysis

Enlarged head of bone. (strength joint/provide muscle attachments) Proximal and Distal.

Articular Cartilage

Type of hyaline cartilage found at the articulation (joint) of bones.

In between Epiphysis and Diaphysis.

Metaphysis

Periosteum

Sheath of outer fibrous collagen and inner osteogenic layer of bone forming cells.

Sharpey's fibers

Anchors the periosteum to the bone matrix.

Thin layer of reticular CT lining internal marrow cavity. Also covers honeycomb surfaces of spongy bones and has many osteoclasts.

Endosteum

Epiphyseal plate

Hyaline cartilage separating the marrow spaces in children. Where the bones grow in length. Is just an /epiphyseal line/ in adults.

Bone Marrow

soft tissue that occupies marrow cavity of long bones, spaces amid trabeculae of spongy bone, and larger central canals.

Red Bone Marrow

Produces blood cells.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Red marrow of bones in limbs turns into this in adults.

Sesamoid

Any bone that is embedded in a muscle or tendon.

Hydroxyapatite

Mineral that makes up 2/3 of compact bone.

Canaliculi

Very small canals that connect the lacunae to the Haversian canals.

What abdominopelvic region is A?

Right Hypochondriac Region

What abdominopelvic region is B?

Epigastric Region

What abdominopelvic region is C?

Left Hypochondriac Region

What abdominopelvic region is D?

Right Lumber Region

What abdominiopelvic region is E?

Umbilical Region

What abdominopelvic region is F?

Left Lumbar Region

What abdominopelvic region is G?

Right Iliac Region

What abdominopelvic region is H?

Hypogastric Region

What abdominopelvic region is I?

Left Iliac Region

What abdominopelvic quadrant is A?

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

What abdominopelvic quadrant is B?

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

What abdominopelvic quadrant is C?

Righter Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

What abdominopelvic quadrant is D?

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

The 7 vertebrae found at the top of the vertebral column

Cervical Vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

The 12 vertebrae found in the middle portion of the vertebral column.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The lower section of 5 vertebrae.

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

the tailbone, made up of the four fused vertebrae at the base of the spinal column

Coccyx

Body

The largest section of a vertebrae.

Projection on the sides of the vertebrae.

Transverse process

Spinous Process

Sharp, slender projection on back of vertebrae

Hole for the spinal column.

Vertebral foramen

Superior articular facet

Location on top of vertebrae where it articulates with the vertebrae above it.

Inferior articular facet

Location on bottom of vertebrae where it articulates with the vertebrae below it.

Holes located lateral of the transverse process.

Transverse Foramen

Atlas

C1 - First cervical vertebrae. Carries the skull.

C2, second cervical vertebrae

Axis

Prominent feature of the axis, allows the atlas and skull to rotate smoothly.

Dens

lumbar bone

cervical bone

thoracic bone

manubrium

Xiphoid process of sternum

Name the portion of the bone.

jugular notch of sternum

ID the landmark and bone

head of rib

angle of rib

ilium (superior)

iliac crest

anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

iliac fossa

greater sciatic notch

pubis (inferior anterior)

acetabulum

ischium (inferior posterior)

ischial tuberosity

ischial spine

lesser sciatic notch

obturator foramen

ossa coxae

pubic symphysis

capitate

hamate

lunate

pisiform

trapezium

trapezoid

triquetrum

scaphoid

acromial end of clavicle

sternal end of clavicle

distal phalanx of foot

distal phalanx of hand

Identify the sex of this pelvis

female

greater trochanter of femur

head of femur

lateral condyle of femur