PART IIIF: DRUG USE EVALUATION, REVIEW OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS, PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY, AND DRUG INFORMATION SERVICES

Proverbs 16:3

Drug Use Evaluation

Authorized, structured, on-going system for monitoring drug use through comparison with specific standards and initiation on appropriate actions when results are inconsistent with the standards

Drug Utilization Review

Authorized, structured, continuing program which analyses and interprets patterns of drug use in a given health care delivery system against a predetermined standard

Pharmacoeconomics

Measures, identifies and compares costs (input) and outcomes (output) of different pharmacotherapies and medical interventions to HC systems and society.

• Cost (input)

• Outcomes (output)

PHARMACOECONOMICS measures, identifies and compares ________and ___________of different pharmacotherapies and medical interventions to HC systems and society.

Pharmacoeconomics

Involves evaluation of the value of a pharmaceutical product or drug therapy compared to its effect.

• Cost benefit

• Cost effectiveness

• Cost minimization

'📌Mnemonic: “CostBEM”

Advantanges of Pharmacoecomonics

• Economic [3]

• Quality of life

• Patient preferences

• Patient satisfaction

📌Mnemonic: “QPP”

Advantanges of Pharmacoecomonics

• Humanistic [3]

• Cost of Illness Studies

• Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

• Cost minimization analysis (CMA)

• Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA)

• Cost utility analysis (CUA)

Types of Health Economic Evaluations [5]

Cost of Illness Studies

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

___________

• Determines all types of cost associated with the illness

• Provides baseline of different treatment options

• Direct (Medical, Non-medical: transportation, food)

• Indirect ↓

  • other than pharmacy services

• Intangible ↓

  • invisible / hindi nahahawakan

  • Example: Anxiety

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Cost of Illness Studies subtypes include ____ [3]

Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Identify, measure and compare benefits and costs of a program regarding treatment alternative, where both costs and consequences are measured in monetary terms

monetary terms

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

• Identify, measure and compare benefits and costs of a program regarding treatment alternative, where both costs and consequences are measured in ________

Cost minimization analysis (CMA)

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Determines the least costly alternative when comparing treatment alternatives with same/ equal outcome

Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA)

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Compares benefits and resources used of alternative treatment with different outcomes.

• Lab test

• ECG

• Imaging studies

📌Mnemonic: “LEI”

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

Example of Cost effective analysis [3]

Cost utility analysis (CUA)

[Types of Health Economic Evaluations]

________

• Integrates patient performance and health related quality of life

• Measures consequences in terms of quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. (improved prolonged life)

Pharmacoepidemiology

The study of utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people.

Pharmacoepidemiology

Provides an estimate of the probability of beneficial effects of a drug in a population and the probability of adverse effects.

Palawan

A location in the Philippines where malaria is an epidemic

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

Types of Drug Information Sources [3]

Primary Source

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

Provide most current information

• Journal

• MIMS

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

Example of Primary Source [2]

Secondary Source

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

For quick and selective screening of primary literature

• Abstracts

• Hospital Formulary

• Undergraduate researches

📌Mnemonic: “AHU”

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

Example of Secondary Source [3]

Tertiary Source

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

Provide easy and convenient access, information may be outdated

Textbook

[Types of Drug Information Sources]

Example of a Tertiary Source [1]

• Participate in Interdisciplinary Clinical Meetings, Audits, and Rounds

• Patient Counselling

• Liaison with Community Service

Other Clinical Pharmacy Services [3]