Chapter 5 shaping a new nation!!!

Shay's Rebellion

Shays's rebellion showed the weakness of the Confederation government and prompted calls for strengthening the federal government to quell upcoming disturbances from many including George Washington

Land Ordinance of 1785

A law that established a plan for surveying the land.

Northwest of Ordinance of 1787

A law that established a procedure for the admission of new states to the union.

Confederation

An alliance permitting states or nations to act together on matters of mutual concern.

What two laws were the Confederation's greatest achievements?

-Land Ordinance of 1785
-Northwest of Ordinance of 1787

James Madison

-Leader of Virginia who called a meeting of state delegates to discuss issues of interstate trade, along with Alexander Hamilton.
-He kept a record of the debates that took place at the convention

Roger Sherman

-Political leader from Connecticut
-Introduced the Great Compromise
-Helped draft the Declaration of independence

Three-Fifths Compromise

Three Fifths state's slaves to be counted as Population

Federalism

Political system of government in which power is divided between national and state governments.

Legislative Branch

Makes laws

Executive Branch

Carries out laws

Judicial Branch

Interprets Laws

Checks and Balances

Prevents one branch from having too much power

Electoral College

Group of electors chosen by the states and cast ballots for the candidates.

Ratification

Official approval. Required the agreement of at least 9 states

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution's balance of power between the states and the national government.

Anti-federalists

People who were against the Constitution's balance of power (hated having a strong central government)

The Federalist

A series of 85 essays defending the Constitution, appeared in New York newspapers between 1787 and 1788

Bill of Rights

A formal summary of citizen's rights and freedoms.
-The 10 amendments

How many amendments are there?

27

Democracy

Government directly by the people

Why did the 18th century Americans disliked democracy?

Believed it put too much power in the hands of uneducated masses, therefore favored a Republic

What state accidentally allowed woman to vote?

New Jersey, neglected to specify gender

What three questions did the delegates have to answer?

-Representation by population or by state?
-Supreme power: Can it be divided?
-Western Lands: Who gets them?

How many votes do each state get?

1, regardless of population

What did the Articles of Confederation give the new national government?

Power to:
-declare war
-make peace
-sign treaties

Maryland refused the Articles of Confederation until...?

all states turned over their land west of the Appalachian Mountains to the United States

When did the Articles of Confederation go into effect?

1781

May 1787

Delegates from all the states except Rhode Island gathered at the Philadelphia State House

Delegated (enumerated) Powers

Powers granted to the national government by the Constitution

Reserved powers

powers kept by the state

veto

say no, turn down

who did the Bill of Rights not apply to at the time?

-Slaves
-Native Americans
-Women

who wrote most of the bill of rights?

James Madison

Who took detailed notes at each convention?

James madison

who claimed no to land west of the Appalachian and therefore said no to the Articles of Confederation?

Maryland

what were some problems with the Articles of Confederation?

-lacked unity
-needed 13 states
-wasn't fair for the big states

what was prohibited north of the Ohio river? (Northwest Ordinance)

Slavery

The Philadelphia Convention

State representatives decide to create a new government rather than fix Articles

Virginia Plan

Plan presented at the constitutional convention that favored large states because representation was based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Plan presented at the constitutional convention that favored small states because state representation was equal.

Great Compromise

Offered a two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states

Supremacy Clause

Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Concurrent Powers

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.

Elastic Clause

Part of the constitution that says Congress has implied powers

Implied Powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution

Impeachment

Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

George washington

Delegate For: Constitution convention
Contributions:
He was the first president
War general
He was able to forge an army and won the war

George mason

Delegate For: Virginia
Contributions:

Leader for the patriots in virginia
Drafted the constitution
fairfax county in the house of burgess

William Paterson

Delegate For: New jersey
Contributions:

Collaborated with the supreme court
Part of the council of safety
Part of the senate

: Benjamin Franklin

Delegate For: Philadelphia
Contributions:
Drafted declaration
of independence
Created the join or die
inventor

: Alexander Hamition

Delegate For: Constitutional convention
Contributions:
Helped the great britain in the yorktown battle
Wrote an essay for the federalists

Amendments

1st Amendment: Four freedoms
Speech
Freedom of the Press
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of assembly
Right to Petition

2nd Amendment:
Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment:
No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment:
Protection from search & seizure

5th Amendment:
Right to a criminal case


6th Amendment:
Right to a fair trial

7th Amendment:
Rights in civil case

8th Amendment: Bails, fines and punishment

9th Amendment: Rights to retained by the people

10th Amendment: Powers retained by the states and the people

Legislative Branch

The legislative branch is called congress and is made up of two house parts
House of representatives
Senate

The house of representatives

States with the largest populations have the most representatives in the house
House members must be at least 25 years old or older to serve
House members are elected to a two year term
There are 435 members in the house of representatives

The senate

States with the largest populations have the most representatives in the house
There are two senators for each states which means of course there are 100 senators
Senators must be at least 30 years old
Senators are elected to a six year term

The executive branch

The executive branch is headed by the president
The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces (Cannot declare war)

The President

The President is elected to a four year term
The president can only serve two terms
The president must be a citizen by birth
The president must be at least 35 years old

The Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch of the federal government is headed by the supreme court
Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and approved by the senate
There are 9 supreme court justices who are appointed for life
Judicial review

Constitution

- Congress has control
- Protect natural rights
- Congress has right to regulate trade between states
- 2/3 both houses of congress plus 3/4 of state legislatures

Articles of Confederation

- Could not have the power to tax
- No executive branch
- Could not make states follow the articles

Steps of becoming a state

There were three basic stages for becoming a state:
1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges.
2. When a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers
could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government.
3. When the total population of a territory reached 60,000