EOPA-ALLIED HEALTH & MEDICINE: Standard 1: Diseases & Disorders-1.2

Anxiety

Etiology includes changes in brain chemicals, environmental stress, family history, or traumatic life events.

Arthritis

Pathology involves swelling and tenderness of joints, diagnosed through physical examination and imaging tests.

Asthma

Pathology includes airway inflammation leading to breathing difficulties, diagnosed through lung function tests.

Bipolar Disorder

Etiology involves extreme mood swings due to neurotransmitter dysregulation, diagnosed through psychiatric evaluation.

Cancer

Pathology starts with genetic mutations causing uncontrolled cell growth, diagnosed through imaging and laboratory tests.

Cataracts

Etiology involves clouding of the eye lens, leading to vision impairment, diagnosed through eye examinations.

Concussion/Traumatic Brain Injury

Pathology includes primary and secondary brain injuries, diagnosed through clinical assessment and imaging tests.

Cystic Fibrosis

Etiology is genetic, causing thick mucus production, diagnosed through clinical evaluation and genetic testing.

Dementia

Pathology varies (e.g., Alzheimer's, Vascular Dementia), diagnosed through medical history, cognitive tests, and brain scans.

Depression

Pathology involves neural circuit dysregulation, diagnosed through clinical assessment.

Diabetes

Pathology includes blood glucose dysregulation, diagnosed through blood tests measuring glucose levels.

Gastric Ulcers

Open sores on the stomach lining, commonly caused by H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Hepatitis

Liver inflammation often caused by viral infections, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, as well as other factors like alcohol, toxins, and autoimmune disorders.

Hypertension

Persistently elevated blood pressure levels that can lead to organ damage, with non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors influencing its development.

Melanoma

Skin cancer arising from melanocytes due to genetic predisposition and UV radiation exposure, diagnosed through clinical evaluation, dermoscopy, and biopsy.

Muscular Dystrophy

Progressive muscle weakness and degeneration caused by genetic mutations affecting muscle proteins, managed with therapies to maintain mobility and function.

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack resulting from a blood clot in a coronary artery, leading to ischemia and necrosis of heart tissue, diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging studies.

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

Infections transmitted through sexual contact, diagnosed through clinical assessment and laboratory testing, treated with antimicrobial medications.

Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Disruption of blood flow to the brain causing brain cell damage, diagnosed through clinical evaluation and neuroimaging, managed based on the type of stroke.

Tuberculosis

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs, diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging studies, treated with antimicrobial therapy.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection caused by bacteria, commonly E. coli, invading the urinary tract, diagnosed through urinalysis and treated with antimicrobial therapy.