Tipton Final 8(G)

What is important about the Mayflower Compact? What did it establish for the Plymouth Colony?

The Mayflower Compact was written in 1620 by the Pilgrims and the "Strangers" aboard the Mayflower. It was considered the first written constitution in American history. The laws were written for the good of all.

Why did southern colonists depend upon slave labor?

The Southern region had crops which needed large amounts of labor to produce them economically. The Southern planters began using slave labor as a way to keep down the cost.

What was the Great Awakening? How did it encourage revolution among the colonists?

The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the American colonies from 1730 to 1750. It was characterized by a move away from church doctrine and move toward the individual and his/her spiritual experience. The colonists began to desire political equality.

What was the Native American perspective during the French and Indian War?

The Native Americans could not trust the French or the English.

What was the impact of the Proclamation Line of 1763 upon the colonists?

The colonists had fought with the British so they expected land when the war ended. However, the colonists felt betrayed when they were told they could not move past the Appalachian Mountains.

What was "No taxation without representation"?

Taxation without Representation" meant that the colonists did not want to be governed by laws that they had no part in making. They were being taxed without their consent.

Describe the importance of the Boston Massacre.

The Boston Massacre, on March 5, 1770, was an incident in which British soldiers fired upon American colonists killing 5 of them. The event was important because American colonial leaders used the event as propaganda to move the Colonists closer toward rebellion.

Put the following events leading to the Revolution in order: Boston Tea Party, "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech, the Intolerable Acts, the Proclamation Line, and the Stamp Act.

The events in order are the Proclamation of 1763 line, the Stamp Act (1765), the Boston Tea Party (1773), the Intolerable Acts (1774), and the "Give me liberty or give me death speech" (1775).

Why did Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" reach a wider audience?

Thomas Paine wrote in Common Sense that Americans should be able to rule themselves and that they should seek independence from Great Britain. Its effect was that the American leaders declared our colonies independent and that they had the right to challenge British authority. He wrote as a common man to common people.

What is the Declaration of Independence? What was its purpose?

The Declaration of Independence is a document which states the reasons why the American colonists should be free from British rule. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author and he received his inspiration from Enlightenment thinkers. It told the world that we are now the United States of America.

How does the Declaration of Independence demonstrate a social contract?

John Locke was an Enlightenment thinker who wrote about ideas like a social contract. Natural rights are those rights such as equality and liberty that all people deserve. If the government did not take care of the people, the people did not have to listen to the government.

How does the "Join or Die" cartoon (the one with the cut up snake) support the colonists' fight for independence?

The only way that the colonies could defeat Great Britain and become independent was that they had to remain united.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal". What does that quote mean?

Every person living in the colonies deserved equal rights and that equality should be given to everyone.

Why did Abigail Adams tell her husband John to "remember the ladies" when they were writing the Declaration? Why did she say they will not be held by laws which gave them no voice?

Men were not the only group who should be given equal representation in our new government.

Why did the Second Continental Congress remove Jefferson's line condemning slavery from the Declaration of Independence?

The Continental Congress knew that if slavery was banned in the new country, the government would lose the support of the South. That would put our new country into jeopardy.

Why was Lexington and Concord known as "the Shot heard Round the World?

"The Shot Heard round the world" began the American Revolutionary War. It ultimately inspired other citizens to revolt against their own countries.

What were the differences between the Continental Army and the British forces?

The British had Loyalists fighting on their side as well as Hessian mercenaries. They had a greater availability of weapons and money to fight in this war.

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point for the Patriots?

American forces led by Generals Gates and Arnold defeated British forces led by General Burgoyne in a battle in New York State. It was important because France and Spain joined in the war against Britain. It was the turning point of the war.

What was Thomas Paine saying when he wrote "These are the times that try men's souls"?

Paine realized that many of the American soldiers were suffering through unbearable hardships. He was trying to encourage them to continue their fight through these most difficult times. He wrote this line in The American Crisis.

Why did African American men fight with the Patriots during the Revolutionary War?

African Americans fought on the side of the American Patriots because they hoped that if the colonists won the war, slavery would end in America.

What were the results of women fighting for the Patriots during the war? What did they receive?

Many women joined their husbands during the war. Some women received equal pay for their contributions during the war.

Name some of the roles women filled during the war.

They aided the war effort by caring for the wounded, washing clothes, and cooking. Some women actually helped in combat.

What was the Treaty of Paris of 1783? What was its significance?

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 primarily gave America its independence from Great Britain, established borders for our new country, and we were recognized as a separate nation.

After America declared independence in 1776, name some of the principles that were followed by states writing their constitutions.

The states divided power between an executive and a legislature, who passed laws. Every state had a Governor. The rights of the individual citizens were defined as well as limits placed on the power of the government.

What did Shays Rebellion demonstrate about the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shays Rebellion was a revolt by some Massachusetts farmers who were angered by banks foreclosing on properties owned by small farmers. They were also angry about state and local tax collection and court judgments for their debts. They marched on Springfield, MA and closed down the courts. They were driven away by an army created by local merchants. It signaled a need for a stronger central government.

list some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

The Articles of Confederation was our first attempt at a national government. It did not have an Executive Branch or a chief executive, it could not tax, had no national courts, no ability to solve problems between states, it had intentionally provided for a weak central government, etc.

What was the Great Compromise?

The Great Compromise was an agreement made at the Constitutional Convention in which parts of both proposed plans, the Virginia and the New Jersey plans, would be implemented. We would have a two house (bicameral) system of legislature. They created the Senate and the House of Representatives. The issue was over equal representation or representation based on population.

Under the Great Compromise, how would you describe Congress? What was its format?

The national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses with representation determined by population in the house and equal representation in the senate.

What was the ⅗ Compromise?

The 3 out of 5 compromise allowed southern slave owning states to count 3 out of every 5 slaves as part of their population when determining political representation for the house of representatives. They were allowed to continue their slave trade for 20 years. The deal was cut to keep the southern states' support for the constitution. The federalist papers were a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison promoting the ratification of the constitution. They promised that the states would not be overpowered by the new federal government.

What is Federalism?

Federalism is the sharing of power between the federal government and the states.

What are Checks and Balances? What was its purpose?

Checks and balances were created by the members of the constitutional convention so that no one branch would become too powerful. The constitution gave each branch "checks" on the other two branches. For example, the president can "veto" a bill by congress if he does not like it.

What is a Republic style of government? How is it affected by a social contract?

A republic is a government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives, the elected officials are supposed to voice the concerns of the people.

What is "limited government"?

In a limited government, the government has only the powers that the constitution gives it. And everyone in our country, including the president, must obey the laws.

What is the Preamble to the Constitution?

The preamble is the short, dignified, introduction that explains the goals and states the purposes of the new government under the constitution. When it begins "we the people", this statement refers to the fact that the power of the government is derived from its citizens.

To what does "We the People" in the Preamble refer?

The power given to our government comes from the people.

Give 3 powers of each branch of government: the Legislative, the Executive, and the Judicial?

Legislative branch, makes laws, overrides presidential vetoes, impeaches federal employees, such as the president or judges. Executive branch: enforce laws, makes treaties, veto bills from congress. Judicial branch: judges if laws are constitutional, judges if executive actions are constitutional, interpret and apply law to specific cases.

Give an example of Checks and Balances for each branch.

Checks and balances were created by the members of the constitutional convention so that no one branch would be

come too powerful. The Constitution gave each branch “checks'' on the other two branches. For example, the President can “veto” a bill by Congress if he does not like it. Also, he gets to appoint Supreme Court members. Congress can “override” the President’s veto and vote to make the bill a law. Also, the Senate must approve of the President’s choice for the Supreme Court. The Judicial branch can strike down a law of Congress if they think it is not Constitutional. And finally, the Judicial Branch can also declare Presidential actions unconstitutional.

How can the Judicial Branch check Congress?

The judicial branch can strike down a law of congress if they think it is not constitutional.

Give the steps on how a bill becomes a law.

A bill is a proposed law. It is voted upon in one house of congress. If it is approved, it will go to the other house of congress. If that house approves it, the bill is sent to the president for his signature, if he signs it, the bill becomes a law.

How can the Supreme Court check the President and the Congress?

The judicial branch can strike down a law of congress if they think it is not constitutional. And finally, the judicial branch can also declare presidential actions unconstitutional.

What is Judicial Review?

Judicial review is the power of the supreme court to decide whether the acts of a president or laws passed by congress are constitutional.

According to the Constitution, what are some powers of the President?

The president appoints Supreme Court Justices.

Give some examples of what the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists believed.

They were supporters of the Ratification of the Constitution. Anti-federalists: They opposed the ratification of the Constitution.

What is the Bill of Rights? Briefly explain rights protected in each of the 10 Amendments.

The bill of Rights is the name for the first 10 amendments to our constitution.

1st: freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly and petition. \n 2nd: right to bear arms \n 3rd: They have the right to keep soldiers out of their homes. \n 4th. They have rights to the protection of their personal property and privacy. \n 5th: They have rights in court, such as not having to testify against themselves. Also they have rights to an attorney or to hear the people testifying against them. \n 6th: guarantees the rights of criminal defendants including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are, the nature of the charges and evidence against you. \n 7th: they have rights to civil trials \n 8th: people have the right to be excused from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive fines and bail. \n 9th: citizens have more rights than what are just mentioned in the \n First 8 amendments. \n 10th: any power not specifically listed in the constitution belongs to the states or the people.