Honors U.S. I - Chapter 7 Key-Terms (All) and People (American Colonists Only)

Ch. 7 Quiz (Key-Terms/People) (Wed 1/18/2023- E)

Second Continental Congress

Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies. Drafted the Declaration of Independence and managed the colonial war effort.

Bunker Hill, Battle of (June 1775)

Fought on the outskirts of Boston, on Breed's Hill, the battle ended in the colonial militia's retreat, though at a heavy cost to the British.

Olive Branch Petition

Conciliatory measure adopted by the Continental Congress, professing American loyalty and seeking an end to the hostilities. King George rejected the petition and proclaimed the colonies in rebellion.

Hessians

German troops hired from their princes by George III to aid in putting down the colonial insurrection. This hardened the resolve of American colonists, who resented the use of paid foreign fighters.

Common Sense

Thomas Paine's pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely-read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution.

Declaration of Independence

Formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Declaration of rights adopted during the French Revolution. Modeled after the American Declaration of Independence.

Loyalists

American colonists who opposed the Revolution and maintained their loyalty to the King; sometimes referred to as "Tories."

Patriots

colonists who supported the American Revolution; they were also known as "Whigs."

Battle of Long Island (August 1776)

Battle for the control of New York. British troops overwhelmed the colonial militias and retained control of the city for most of the war.

Trenton, Battle of (December 1776)

George Washington surprised and captured a garrison of sleeping German Hessians, raising the morale of his crestfallen army and setting the stage for his victory at Princeton a week later.

Saratoga, Battle of (October 1777)

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York, which helped secure French support for the Revolutionary cause.

Model Treaty (1776)

Sample treaty drafted by the Continental Congress as a guide for American diplomats. Reflected the Americans' desire to foster commercial partnerships rather than political or military entanglements.

Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)

Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio country to the Americans.

Privateers

Privately owned armed ships authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping during the Revolutionary War. ________, more numerous than the tiny American Navy, inflicted heavy damages on British shippers.

Yorktown, Battle of (October 1781)

George Washington, with the aid of the French Army, besieged Cornwallis at Yorktown, while the French naval fleet prevented British reinforcements from coming ashore. Cornwallis surrendered, dealing a heavy blow to the British war effort and paving the way for an eventual peace.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States ending the Revolutionary War. The British formally recognized American independence and ceded territory east of the Mississippi while the Americans, in turn, promised to restore Loyalist property and repay debts to British creditors.

Ethan Allen

Revolutionary war officer who, along with Benedict Arnold, fought British and Indian forces in frontier New York and Vermont.

Benedict Arnold

Revolutionary war general turned traitor, who valiantly held off a British invasion of upstate New York at Lake Champlain, but later switched sides, plotting to sell out the Continental stronghold at West Point to the redcoats. His scheme was discovered and the disgraced general fled to British lines.

\
\-- general who led the Americans to victory at the Battle of Saratoga

Thomas Paine

An author who made Common Sense, one of the most influential pamphlets ever written. He was once an impoverished corset-maker's apprentice, who had come over from Britain a year earlier.

\---called for the creation of a republic

Abigail Adams

Wife of noted Massachusetts Patriot John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.

\--- raised her voice on behalf of women.

Richard Henry Lee

Virginia planter and revolutionary, who served as a member of the Continental Congress. He first introduced the motion asserting America's independence from Britain, later supplanted by Thomas Jefferson's more formal and rhetorically moving declaration. He went on to become the first U.S. senator from Virginia under the new constitution.

Ben Franklin

American inventor, statesman and revolutionary. First established himself in Philadelphia as a leading newspaper printer, inventor and author of Poor Richard's Almanac and later became a leading revolutionary and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. During the Revolutionary War, he served as commissioner to France, securing the nation's support for the American cause.

Nathaniel Greene

General in command of the Continental army in the Carolina campaign of 1781, the "Fighting Quaker" successfully cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops despite loosing a string of minor battles.

George Rogers Clark

American frontiersman who captured a series of British forts along the Ohio River during the Revolutionary war.

Admiral de Grassi

French admiral, whose fleet blocked British reinforcements, allowing Washington and Rochambeau to trap Cornwallis at Yorktown.

\---this lead to the surrender of Yorktown