Studied by 4 people
Differential access
Favored access to resources by superordinates over subordinates
Conflict resolution
Means of settling disputes
Band
The basic social unit among foragers that is fewer than a hundred people and may split up seasonally
Tribe
A food-producing society with a rudimentary political structure
Chiefdom
A society with permanent political structure, hereditary leaders, and social ranking but lacking class divisions
State
A society with a central government, administrative specialization, and social classes
Wealth
All a person’s material assets which is the basis of economic status
Power
The ability to execute one’s will over others
Prestige
Esteem, respect, or approval
Social control
Maintaining social norms and regulating conflict
Hegemony
A stratified social order in which subordinates accept hierarchy as “natural”
Religion
Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces
Animism
The belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess spiritual essence
Magic
The use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific ends
Mana
The spiritual life force energy throughout the universe in Melanesian and Polynesian beliefs
Ritual
Formal, repetitive, stereotyped behavior that’s based on a liturgical order
Liminality
The in-between phase of a rite of passage
Revitalization movements
Social movements aimed at altering or revitalizing a society
Syncretisms
Cultural, especially religious, mixes, emerging from acculturation
Antimodernism
Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier, purer, better way of life
Arts
Objects, events, or other expressive forms that evoke an aesthetic reaction
Expressive culture
The manifestations of human creativity, such as dance, music, painting, sculpture, pottery, cloth, stories, drama, and comedy
Aesthetics
The appreciation of qualities perceived in art
Ethnomusicology
The comparative study of the musics of the world and of music as an aspect of culture and society
Folk
Of the people or the art, music, and lore of ordinary people
Catharsis
Intense emotional release
Text
A cultural product that is processed and assigned meaning by anyone exposed to it
Capitalist world economy
A profit-oriented global economy based on production for sale or exchange
Capital
Wealth invested with the intent of producing profit
World-system theory
The idea that a discernible social system, based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries
Core
The dominant position in the world system or nations with advanced systems of production
Semiperiphery
The positions in the world system intermediate between the core and the periphery
Periphery
The weakest structural and economic position in the world system
Industrial revolution
In Europe, after 1750, the socioeconomic transformation through industrialization
Bourgeoisie
Owners of the means of production
Proletariat
The working or lower class of a society
Social stratification
The presence of social divisions (strata) with unequal wealth and power
Colonialism
The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
Imperialism
A conscious policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples
Postcolonial
The historical period and the state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism
Intervention philosophy
An ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native peoples
Neoliberalism
The principle that governments shouldn’t regulate enterprise and free market forces should rule
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement which aimed to gradually eliminate most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between the United States, Canada, and Mexico
Socialism
A social political organization and economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the government, rather than by individuals or corporations
Communism
A social system in which property is owned by the community and people work for the common good
Globalization
The accelerating interdependence of nations in the world system today
Anthropogenic
Caused by humans and their activities
Climate change
Global warming, plus changing sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects
Environmental anthropology
The study of cultural adaptations to environments
Ethnoecology
A culture’s set of environmental perceptions and practices
Westernization
The acculturative influence of Western expansion on local cultures worldwide
Cultural imperialism
The spread or advance of one (dominant) culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys
Postmodernity/postmodern
Time period marked by the breakdown and questioning of established canons, categories, distinctions, and boundaries
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Flashcard (81)