Barnett Exam 2

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).

Cordell Hull

FDR's secretary of state, who promoted reciprocal trade agreements, especially with Latin America

Underwood Tariff

Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax

Rider

A provision attached to a bill - to which it may or may not be related - in order to secure its passage or defeat.

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

graduated income tax

a method of taxation that taxes people at different rates depending on income

The Fundamentals

A series of essays that stated how the bible should be read, if you looked at it any other way, you were wrong.

Fundamentalism

Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied

Mann Act

1910, gave the Interstate Comerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates, along with oversee telephone and cable companie; included communications

Webb-Kenyon Act

It prohibited the shipping of alcohol into "dry" states where state law prohibited it

Procurers

Men who kidnapped women and forced them into prostitution

Volstead Act (1919)

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Nobel Experiment

this refers to prohibition, a time period where the US bans the sales or making of alcohol - 18th amendment, This refers to the, Nobel experiment, because this amend. Is trying to help Americans live a cleaner , safer life.

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

The branch of the U.S. Treasury Department in charge of collecting taxes

Speakeasy

A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition

The Keating-Owen Act

Law enacted to protect against child labor by prohibiting the interstate shipping of goods in which someone under 14 worked to make

Due Process

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

Wilson's Vision

A peaceful liberal capitalist world based on international law-safe from the dangers of traditional imperialism and revolutionary socialism. And for the US to display that to the rest of the world.

Liberal Capitalism

Free market, facilitative state and a legal framework which helps maintain capitalism.

Karl Marx

Father of Communism

Revolutionary Socialism

a socialist doctrine that violent action was the only way to achieve the goals of socialism

Traditional Socialism

dictatorship system.

state owns major share of productive resources (land & capital) excluding labor.

* individuals allowed to accumulate wealth and own small businesses.
* government owns major productive resources.
* there are wage differentials but heavy taxes on income and inheritance.
* government determines prices of goods including wages.
= doesn't provide incentive to produce

Mexican Crisis

The tensions between the Mexican government that took control of oil resources and the American oil companies that wanted to exploit them

Porfirio Diaz

a dictator who dominated Mexico, permitted foriegn companies to develop natural resources and had allowed landowners to buy much of the countries land from poor peasants

Francisco Madero

Enemy of Díaz who believed in democracy. He was also assassinated (Juearta).

Victoriano Juearta

Establishes brutal dictatorship and uses intimidation and violence. Assasinated Francisco Madero. He is also in power during Wilson's presidency.

Venustiano Carranza

A constitutionalist and a nationalist/ Led a group to attempt to overthrow Juearta.

Vera Cruz

Mexican port that Wilson commanded the navy to capture before congress could respond to his asking them permission to use force against mexico. Huerta and Carranza both opposed this action.

Pancho Villa

Carranza's former general. Carranza turns against Villa and Villa wanted to become a leader. Led to Carranza's downfall.

Banditos

The Bandits protecting the interests of the mexicans and the mexican americans in the southwest were called

Prussia

A former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

Otto von Bismark

Prussian prime minister, he led the unification of Germany and the creation of the German empire.

Junker

strongly conservative members of Prussia's wealthy landowning class

Wilhelm I

King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 and emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1888; he chose Otto von Bismarck as Prussia's prime minister, and together they unified Germany

Landtag

Rich landowners in Germany

diet of the German Confederation

The organization of 39 states in Germany.

The Blood and Iron Speech

reflected Bismarck's belief in German power/aggressive foreign policy over negotiation/liberalism \-- used war, realpolitik to unify Germany

Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmarigen

Suggested by Wilhelm I to take over Spanish throne in absence of a king, this angers Napoleon III

Ems Dispatch

France declared war and made Prussia look like the victim

Ems Telegram

A telegram which the French gave to the Germans in anger over the Succession of the Throne in Spain, but the Germans altered it to look like the French were rude and evil. The French declared war.

Jules Verne (1828-1905, France)

He offered a brighter vision of technological progress in his novels of adventure, many of which doubled as works of popular science. In his 1864 novel Journey to the Center of the Earth, Professor Lidenbrock explains contemporary theories of geology and paleontology as he leads an expedition that travels beneath the Earth's crust from Iceland to the Italian volcano Stromboli. He later wrote the 1870 novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, whose narrator Pierre Aronnax offers extensive commentary on marine biology while accompanying the mysterious Captain Nemo on a voyage in the submarine Nautilus. In a more realistic vein, he considered the possibilities presented by new forms of transportation in the 1873 novel Around the World in Eighty Days, which describes a trip taken by the Englishman Phileas Fogg and his French valet Jean Passepartout. During his travels, which are undertaken to win a bet with members of the Reform Club, Fogg falls in love with an Indian woman named Aouda, and is pursued by the Scotland Yard detective Fix, who mistakenly believes that Fogg is a bank robber. Fogg ultimately wins his bet to return to the Reform Club within 80 days of his departure, with the help of an extra day gained by traveling eastward.

Versailes

Palace of Louis XIV; created financial issues; allowed nobles to live there so they would behave

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War