Globalisation Key Facts and Case Studies

How fast can jet planes travel?

500-700 mph

How many workers do most container ships require?

13

How many containers can modern container ships carry?

20,000

Samsung 2021 revenue

$240.71 billion

How many phones did Samsung manufacture in 2021?

300 million

How many people does Samsung employ in SK?

100,000

What are negative impacts of Samsung?

Accusations of child labour in China, Vietnam and Korea

Retails products to and invests in the military

Scored poorly in investigation into responsible material sourcing

How did the IMF act in Malawi?

40% of Malawi’s GDP was used in debt repayment

In 2000, the IMF entered but it took 6 years to meet criteria for debt relief

$2.3 billion wiped

How much has the World Bank loaned for Covid?

$157 billion to 100+ countries

How much did the World Bank loan to the Phillipines in 2014?

$470 million

How many EU members?

27

2 advantages of the cocoa trade for Ghana

Sold on futures market so growers know prices in advance

WTO allows access to support for developing trade

3 disadvantages of the cocoa trade for Ghana

Cocoa farmers can’t set prices themselves

EU tariffs on processed beans or chocolate so there is little incentive to process chocolate - little added value

Some nations subsidise farmers so Ghana can’t compete

Vietnam and EU trade deals

2014/15 - EU and ASEAN negotiated new trade deals including a big one with Vietnam

31 million EU jobs rely on exports

Removed import duties and quotas on items

How much does it cost to produce clothes in Ethiopia vs China per worker?

$26 in Ethiopia and $326 in China

Population in Ethiopia vs China

123 million in Ethiopia and 1.4 billion in China

Projected economic growth of China

(2020) 1.2% GDP per year

How does the UK encourage FDI?

Gave tax breaks in 80s and 90s to companies investing in Docklands

Grants and subsidies for foreign companies e.g. Toyota factory in Derby

How does China encourage FDI?

Open Door Policy in 1978

South China 4 SEZs established - fewer labour and environmental laws

Countries with highest and lowest economic freedom

Highest - Singapore and New Zealand

Lowest - Venezuela and Sudan

Which countries have the highest GDP?

Lichtenstein, Monaco, Luxembourg

Most and least globalised countries on KOF index

Most - Ireland and the Netherlands

Least - Somalia and the Solomon Islands

Top performers on AT Kearney

Singapore, Switzerland, USA, Ireland

Why could Venezuela become switched on?

Growing population - 2.43 growth rate

Many natural resources - petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold etc

Why is Venezuela switched off?

Oil embargo and international sanctions imposed in 2019

Human rights abuses, lack of respect for democracy (dictator), rioting

Highest amount of violent crime in Latin America - 40.9 per 100,000 people

Examples of glocalisation

No pork in Indian Mcdonalds

MTV shows less sexual music videos in Middle East

Driving seat positioned differently in UK and USA

How many bottling operations does Coca-Cola own in India?

27 and franchises 17 more

How many people does Coca-Cola employ in India

Directly - 6,000

Indirectly - 150,000

How much have water tables decreased since Coke began operating in Kerala?

1 metre

Coca-Cola Foundation

Spent over $10 million on community projects

What does the waste sludge given to farmers by Coke contain?

Cadmium - harmful carcinogen

Was given for use as fertiliser

What was water in Kerala contaminated with?

Copper, cadmium, lead, chromium

What was contamination from the Coke plants linked to?

Low birth weights and birth defects

How many suppliers do BMW use to build the MINI?

2000

Benefits of the Global Shift for China

By 2016, they had longest highway network

Number of people in poverty reduced by 680 million between 1961 and 2010

Urban incomes risen by 10% since 2005

In 2017, 7.2 million people graduated from university

Cons of the Global Shift for China

By 2016, 3 million+ hectares had been polluted by heavy metals

2 million die due to air pollution each year

70% of lakes are polluted

Costs of the Global Shift for Leicester

1970s - clothing factories moved from Leicester

Inner city areas became run down

Falling crime rate since 2000 which is due in part to regen and gentrification

How much has meat consumption increased in China?

During 1990s, meat consumption went from 5 to 50kg per capita

What is happening in Papua New Guinea?

Increased awareness of Western culture in rainforest tribes

Young Amazonians are leaving for urban areas

Increased wearing of Western clothes

Paralympics?

Help improve global attitudes to disability

First happened in 1960

UN protects rights and fundamental freedom of disabled people.

How much TV output in France must be French?

40%

How many foreign films a year in China?

34

What are the 3Ts?

Tibet, Taiwan, Tianmen Square

What companies are being criticised for environmental damage in Nigeria?

Shell, ExxonMobil

What are the 4 Asian Tigers?

Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan

Rapid industrialisation

GDP growth rates of 7% every year since 1990

How many people have the same wealth of the 80 richest?

The 3.5 billion poorest

Russian Elite Migrants to London

Known as home for ‘dodgy money’ - global financial hub with connections to tax havens like the Cayman Islands

Russia failed to regulate post-Communist commercial world - some people became incredibly rich - oligarchs

Few safeguards on what money is coming in

Investment in London’s property market

Low wage migration from India to the UAE

Migration is easy due to tourist visas

Hope of a better life in the UAE

How much of China’s impoverished population lives in/comes from a rural area?

90-99%

How many people died trying to cross the English Channel in 2021?

At least 37

Mumbai stats

West Coast of India - Maharashtra State

5% of India’s GDP

21 million residents

1 million in Dharavi

Karachi Stats

Capital city of Sindh Province in Southern Pakistan

Largest city in Pakistan

20% of Pakistan’s GDP

17 million residents

2.4 million in Orangi Town

Shanghai - Mega City

27 million people in 2020

Port city - most populous in China

Air pollution issues

Los Angeles - Mega City

12 million people in 2020

Grew rapidly in 1920s

Notorious for water shortages

How many proposed resource projects were close to collapse in Canada?

In 2013, 6 out of 21 due to pressure from traditional communities

2015 Migrant Crisis

Germany took around 750,000 migrants

UK took less than 1000

How much did hate crimes increase post-Brexit?

Fivefold in the week after the referendum

Mekong River

Agreement requires governments to all agree to any dam proposals

90% of Laos dependent on the river

Thailand would like water and electricity for industrial development

USA vs China - Trade Protectionism

370,000 tonnes of chicken feet exports from USA to China were valued at $280 million in 2009

USA flooded Chinese market with cheap chicken feet and this angered Chinese producers who could not compete

USA and China put higher and higher tariffs on each other

WTO settled dispute in 2011

What % of babies born in London had parents born outside the UK?

65%

What is the new Polish diaspora?

1-3 million young people left Poland after it joined the EU

18 million Polish people abroad

What % of voters supported Front National in the 2018 EU Parliament elections?

25%

How many journalists were jailed in China in 2017?

38

Examples of things censored in China

Video games including violence - especially with China as villain

Western reality shows depicting a better quality of life

Celebrities like Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez

Winnie the Pooh

How many tribes in Northeast Brazil?

30-50

First Nation in Canada

Home to 6 groups of Indigenous people

First Nations people of Mackenzie and Yukon River basins oppose the attempts of oil TNCs to ‘switch on’ the region

Oil TNCs are exploring the areas for shale oil

Dene People of Sahtu region

200 million barrels of conventional oil extracted since 1920

Death of trout etc in oil polluted lakes - fishing essential for cultural identity

Effects of alcohol and drugs on young Dene people - brought by oil workers

UK’s top 5 TNC plastic polluters

Coca-Cola

Pepsico

Mcdonalds

Nestle

Tesco

Totnes

World’s first transition town

Created a local currency - Totnes pound

Every £10 spent in local businesses is worth £23 to local economy

Rana Plaza

25th April 2013

1,132 people died

Warnings to evacuate were ignored

Brands like Primark, Mango and Walmart had things manufactured there

Fair Trade Foundation

1.9 million+ fair trade workers

£169 million was paid to farmers and workers in Fair Trade premium in 2020

Local Agenda 21

LA21 aimed to encourage local authorities to promote more SEE sustainable communities

Adopted by 178 governments at 1992 Rio

What was England’s recycling rate in 2020/21?

43.75%

How much plastic packaging is used in the UK

UK uses around 2.5 million tonnes of plastic packaging per year