AP Chemistry-Molecular geometry

VSEPR Theory and Bond Hybridization

Linear

2 bonds

0 lps

bond angle: 180

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp

Trigonal Planar

3 bonds

0 lps

bond angle: 120

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp²

Bent

2 bonds

1 lps

bond angle: less than 120

polar

Hybridization: Sp²

Tetrahedral

4 bonds

0 lps

bond angle: 109

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³

Trigonal Pyramid

3 bonds

1 lps

bond angle: less than 109

polar

Hybridization: Sp³

bent

2 bonds

2 lps

bond angle: even lesser than 109

polar

Hybridization: Sp³

trigonal Bipyramid

5 bonds

0 lps

bond angle: 90, 120

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³d

seesaw

4 bonds

1 lps

bond angle: less than 90, less than 120

polar

Hybridization: Sp³d

T-shape

3 bonds

2 lps

bond angle: 90

polar

Hybridization: Sp³d

Linear

2 bonds

3 lps

bond angle: 180

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³d

Octahedral

6 bonds

0 lps

bond angle: 90

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³d²

Square pyramid

5 bonds

1 lps

bond angle: less than 90

polar

Hybridization: Sp³d²

Square Planar

4 bonds

2 lps

bond angle: 90

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³d²

T-shape

3 bonds

3 lps

bond angle: less than 90

Polar

Hybridization: Sp³d²

Linear

2 bonds

4 lps

bond angle: 180

Non-polar

Hybridization: Sp³d²

Bond Order

the number of bonds between two adams. When the bond order increases, The bond length decreases, and the bond energy increases.

Bond type

single: 1

double: 2

Triple: 3