APUSH

Aztecs

Aztecs

Established in Meso-america, known as Mexica, with a capital city called Tenochtitlan, practiced human sacrifice, and had complex irrigation systems.

Mayas

Established in the Yucatan peninsula, developed large cities, used irrigation systems, built temples, and descended from gods.

Incas

Ruled in the Andes Mountains, modern-day Peru, relied on fertile valleys, cultivated maize, and had advanced irrigation systems.

Pueblos

Sedentary population in present-day New Mexico and Arizona, known for adobe homes, administrative offices, and religious centers.

Ute

Nomadic people focused on hunting and gathering in the Southwest region.

Chinook

Settled in fishing villages, relied on elk, built plank houses, and lived in the Pacific Northwest.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of food, animals, minerals, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Feudalism

System where peasants worked for protection on noble's farms, replaced by capitalism in Europe.

Mercantilism

Economic system in Europe with heavy government intervention, funded exploration through joint-stock companies.

Encomienda System

Granting land to Encomenderos with natives as coerced labor, justified on religious grounds in the Americas.

Continental Congress of 1774

Leaders from the colonies gathered to resist violations of their liberties by Parliament, emphasizing natural rights and a social contract.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring independence from Britain, influenced by Enlightenment ideas of natural rights and social contract.

Loyalist Ideas

Individuals supporting loyalty to the British government and opposing independence.

Patriots

People against the British government and in favor of independence.

Battle of Saratoga

Significance in persuading the French to ally with the colonies, leading to French support in the war.

Lexington and Concord

Initial battles of the American Revolutionary War, where British troops clashed with armed militia.

Battle of Yorktown

British defeat leading to Cornwallis' surrender, a turning point in the Revolutionary War.

Republican Womanhood

Belief in women's importance in society, advocating for education and active roles in decision-making.

Abigail Adams

Influential figure demanding equal rights for women and their involvement in decision-making.

Shay’s Rebellion

Uprising due to economic hardships post-war, revealing flaws in the Articles of Confederation.

Articles of Confederation

Allowed states to retain sovereignty but lacked power to tax, executive branch, and a judiciary system.

XYZ Affair

Conflict with France over attacks on American ships, leading to diplomatic tensions and the XYZ bribery scandal.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws allowing the president to deport foreigners and criminalizing criticism of the government.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Asserted states' rights to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.

Robert Morris

Financed the American Revolution with personal funds.

Pickney’s Treaty

Resolved territorial disputes and granted American ships navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Committees of Correspondence

Established to communicate, educate, and rally support for American independence against British rule.

Market Revolution

Transformation linking northern industries with southern and western farms, transitioning America to a capitalist society.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831, where Turner and his followers killed their master and 57 white people, leading to harsher restrictions on enslaved individuals.

Slavery as a Positive Good

The belief that slavery was beneficial for slaves as they were considered incapable of surviving in society if freed, leading to laws prohibiting education, marriage, and access to courts for enslaved individuals.

Rise of Industrial Cities

The development of industries in the 19th century, including steam engines, railroads, and mass transit systems, leading to the growth of suburbs and the creation of jobs in urban areas.

Urban Reform Movements

Progressive movements in cities to combat issues like corruption, poor living conditions, and public health concerns, led by figures like Jacob Riis and Helen Campbell, resulting in reforms such as public health projects and hygiene education.

Political Machines

Local party bureaucracies in cities that controlled public offices, provided services to immigrants, and engaged in corrupt practices like kickbacks and bribes, exemplified by Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed in New York City.

Social Settlements

Institutions like Hull House founded by Jane Addams to address the needs of the poor in cities, providing services like daycare and advocating for better working conditions and education, leading to the emergence of social work as a profession.